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Henri Matisse
Henri Matisse, in full Henri-Émile-Benoît Matisse (31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954), born in Le Cateau-Cambrésis, in the Nord department in Northern France, was a French artist, known for both his use of colour and his fluid and original draughtsmanship. He was a draughtsman, printmaker, and sculptor, but is known primarily as a painter. Often regarded as the most important French painter of the 20th century. His mastery of the expressive language of colour and drawing, displayed in a body of work spanning over a half-century, won him recognition as a leading figure in modern art.
Matisse, the oldest son, whose parents were in the grain business, displayed little interest in art until he was 20 years old. From 1882 to 1887 he attended the secondary school in Saint-Quentin; after a year of legal studies in Paris, he returned to Saint-Quentin and became a clerk in a law office. He began to sit in on an early-morning drawing class at the local École Quentin-Latour, and, in 1890, while recovering from a severe attack of appendicitis, he began to paint, at first copying the coloured reproductions in a box of oils his mother had given him. Soon he was decorating the home of his grandparents at Le Cateau. In 1891 he abandoned the law and returned to Paris to become a professional artist.
In 1898 he married a young woman from Toulouse, Amélie Parayre, and left Paris for a year, visiting London, where he studied the paintings of J.M.W. Turner, and working in Corsica, where he received a lasting impression of Mediterranean sunlight and colour.
The intense colorism of the works he painted between 1900 and 1905 brought him notoriety as one of the Fauves (wild beasts). Many of his finest works were created in the decade or so after 1906, when he developed a rigorous style that emphasized flattened forms and decorative pattern. In 1917, he relocated to a suburb of Nice on the French Riviera, and the more relaxed style of his work during the 1920s gained him critical acclaim as an upholder of the classical tradition in French painting. After 1930, he adopted a bolder simplification of form.
Fauvism as a style began around 1900 and continued beyond 1910. The movement as such lasted only a few years, 1904–1908, and had three exhibitions. The leaders of the movement were Matisse and André Derain. Matisse’s first solo exhibition was at Ambroise Vollard’s gallery in 1904, without much success. His fondness for bright and expressive colour became more pronounced after he spent the summer of 1904 painting in St. Tropez with the neo-Impressionists Signac and Henri-Edmond Cross. In that year, he painted the most important of his works in the neo-Impressionist style, Luxe, Calme et Volupté.
Around April 1906, Matisse met Pablo Picasso, who was 11 years his junior. The two became lifelong friends as well as rivals and are often compared. One key difference between them is that Matisse drew and painted from nature, while Picasso was more inclined to work from imagination. The subjects painted most frequently by both artists were women and still lifes, with Matisse more likely to place his figures in fully realised interiors.
Matisse spent seven months in Morocco from 1912 to 1913, producing about 24 paintings and numerous drawings. His frequent orientalist topics of later paintings, such as odalisques, can be traced to this period.
But middle age, growing affluence, an established international reputation, the disruptions of World War I, and a distaste for public commotion gradually combined to isolate him from the centres of avant-gardism. He began to winter on the French Riviera, and by the early 1920s he was mostly a resident of Nice or its environs. His pictures became less daring in conception and less economical in means. Like many of the painters and composers during these years (notably Pablo Picasso and Igor Stravinsky), Matisse relaxed into a modernized sort of classicism. Such typically Nice-period works as the Odalisque with Magnolias (1923–24) and Decorative Figure on an Ornamental Background (1925–26), however, are masterpieces that deserve their popularity.
During the last years of his life, he was a rather solitary man who was separated from his wife and whose grown-up children were scattered. After 1941, when he underwent an operation for an intestinal tumour, he was bedridden much of the time. He moved to the hilltop of Vence, France in 1943, where he produced his first major cut-out project for his artist’s book titled Jazz. However, these cut-outs were conceived as designs for stencil prints to be looked at in the book, rather than as independent pictorial works. At this point, Matisse still thought of the cut-outs as separate from his principal art form. His new understanding of this medium unfolds with the 1946 introduction for Jazz.
After 1950 he suffered from asthma and heart trouble. Cared for by a faithful Russian woman who had been one of his models in the early 1930s, he lived in a large studio in the Old Hôtel Regina at Cimiez, overlooking Nice. But there are no signs of flagging creative energy or of sadness in his final achievements. On the contrary, these works are among the most daring, most accomplished, and most serenely optimistic of his entire career. In May 1954, his cut out The Sheaf was exhibited at the Salon de Mai and met with success.
Matisse died of a heart attack at the age of 84 on 3 November 1954. He is buried in the cemetery of the Monastère Notre Dame de Cimiez, in the Cimiez neighbourhood of Nice.
The first painting of Matisse acquired by a public collection was Still Life with Geraniums (1910). His The Plum Blossoms (1948) was purchased on 8 September 2005 for the Museum of Modern Art. Estimated price was US$25 million. Previously, it had not been seen by the public since 1970.
In May 2018 at a Christie’s sale of 19th and 20th-century works from the collection of the late Peggy and David Rockefeller, Henri Matisse’s Odalisque couchée aux magnolias (1923) went for $80.8 million, a record for a work by the artist at auction.
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Odalisque Couchée Aux Magnolias
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr3.129L’Odalisque, harmonie bleue
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.909Purple Robe and Anemones
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.879Woman in a Purple Coat
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.909Woman with a Hat (Femme au chapeau)
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr3.079The open window
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.879La glace sans tain (The Blue Window)
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr3.219Les poissons rouges (Interior with a Goldfish Bowl)
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr3.249The Joy Of Life (Le Bonheur De Vivre)
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.869Luxe, Calme, et Volupté (Luxury, Calm, and Desire)
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.879The Red Studio
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.689La danse
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.939Dance (I)
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.939Music
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.939Les Capucines (Nasturtiums with The Dance II)
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr3.139La Leçon de piano
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.939Pianist and Checker Players
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr3.019Dancer on a Chair – Danseuse Dans le Fauteuil, Sol en Damier
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.949Jeune fille aux anémones sur fond violet
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.909Goldfish
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr3.249Cat With Red Fish (Chat Aux Poissons Rouges)
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr3.049Portrait of Madame Matisse. The Green Line
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.939Bathers by a River
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.939Woman In Green Gown (La Femme en jaune)
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr3.009Boléro violet
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr3.419Portrait au manteau bleu
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr3.289Espagnole
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr3.219Femme à l’ombrelle
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.979Femme au chapeau
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr3.179Titine Trovato en robe et chapeau
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.909Red Madras Headdress (Le Madras rouge)
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.909Anémones et grenades
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.689Interiéur à Nice, femme assise avec un livre
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.969La Séance du matin
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.729Bouquet de fleurs pour le Quatorze Juillet
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.739The Piano Lesson
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.569Woman with a Veil
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.759Goldfish and Palette
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.739Black Mirror Anemones (Anémones Au Miroir Noir)
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.689Nature morte aux trois vases
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.659Red Room
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.659The Conversation
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.629Still Life with Pineapple
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.609The Snail (L’Escargot)
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.429Mlle. Matisse en manteau écossais
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.879Yellow Odalisque
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.879Young Girl In A Green Dress (Jeune fille à la mauresque, robe verte )
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.909Algerian Woman
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.979Portrait aux cheveux bouclés, pull marin (Allan Stein)
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.879La fenêtre ouverte
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.659Les coucous, tapis bleu et rose
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.689Les Pivoines
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.629The Boats In Nice (Les Régates De Nice)
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.689Antique et oeillets
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.659Le lit dans la glace
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.739Le Danseur
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.599Paysage de Collioure
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.629Femme en bleu à table, fond rouge
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr3.359Jeune femme assise en robe grise
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.909L’Italienne (Lorette)
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.879Tête de femme penchée (Lorette)
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr3.119Venitienne (En Buste)
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr3.249Jeune fille en robe blanche, assise près de la fenêtre
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr3.119Figure assise et le torse grec (la gandoura)
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.879Oliviers à Collioure
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.689La danse
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.839Promenade des oliviers
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.689Odalisque au fauteuil noir
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.949A Nude Lying on her Back
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.909Nu aux jambes croisées
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.909Nu au peignoir
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.939Danseuse Dans Un Intérieur, Carrelage Vert et Noir
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.909Odalisques Jouant Aux Dames
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr3.079Nu sur fond rouge
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr3.419Nu à la serviette blanche
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr3.079Nude by the sea
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.939Nude With Blue Cushion (Nu Au Coussin Bleu)
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.909Odalisque With Hands Behind Her Back (Odalisque Mains Dans Le Dos)
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr3.009Nu à la fenêtre
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.879Femme au fauteuil–Femme en négligé
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.909L’artiste et le modèle nu
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.909Odalisque grise et jaune
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr3.179Nu à la chaise longue
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr3.359The Blue Nude (Souvenir de Biskra)
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr3.289Femme Couchée
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr3.249Une Rue à Arcueil
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.629Nu assis, fond bleu
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.909The Young Sailor II
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.909The Black Shawl
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr3.769Danseuse assise sur une table, fond rouge
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr3.119Chinese Casket (Le Coffret chinois)
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.989Domino Players (Les Joueuses de dominos)
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.879Breakfast
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.839Conversation under the Olive Trees
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.939Femme auprès de la fenêtre
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.939Femme à l’ombrelle verte
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.939Femme auprès de la fenêtre
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.939Intérieur à Nice, la sieste
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.879Interior at Nice
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr2.879Interior at Nice
By Henri MatisseSizes starting at kr3.179