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James Tissot
Jacques Joseph Tissot (15 October 1836 – 8 August 1902) French painter, engraver, and enameler noted for his portraits of late Victorian society. He was a successful painter of Paris society before moving to London in 1871. He became famous as a genre painter of fashionably dressed women shown in various scenes of everyday life. He also painted scenes and figures from the Bible.
Jacques Tissot was born in the city of Nantes in France and spent his early childhood there. His father, Marcel Théodore Tissot, was a successful drapery merchant. His mother, Marie Durand, assisted her husband in the family business and designed hats. A devout Catholic, Tissot’s mother instilled pious devotion in the future artist from a very young age. Tissot’s youth spent in Nantes likely contributed to his frequent depiction of shipping vessels and boats in his later works.
By the time Tissot was 17, he knew he wanted to pursue painting as a career. His father opposed this, preferring his son to follow a business profession, but the young Tissot gained his mother’s support for his chosen vocation. Around this time, he began using the given name of James. By 1854 he was commonly known as James Tissot; he may have adopted it because of his increasing interest in everything English.
In 1856 or 1857, Tissot travelled to Paris to pursue an education in art. While staying with a friend of his mother, painter Jules-Élie Delaunay, Tissot enrolled at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts to study in the studios of Hippolyte Flandrin and Louis Lamothe. Both were successful Lyonnaise painters who moved to Paris to study under Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. Lamothe provided the majority of Tissot’s studio education, and the young artist studied on his own by copying works at the Louvre, as did most other artists of the time in their early years. Around this time, Tissot also made the acquaintance of the American James McNeill Whistler, and French painters Edgar Degas (who had also been a student of Lamothe and a friend of Delaunay), and Édouard Manet.
In 1859, Tissot exhibited in the Paris Salon for the first time. He showed five paintings of scenes from the Middle Ages, many depicting scenes from Goethe’s Faust. These works show the influence in his work of the Belgian painter Henri Leys (Jan August Hendrik Leys), whom Tissot had met in Antwerp earlier that same year. Other influences include the works of the German painters Peter von Cornelius and Moritz Retzsch. After Tissot had first exhibited at the Salon and before he had been awarded a medal, the French government paid 5,000 francs for his depiction of The Meeting of Faust and Marguerite in 1860, with the painting being exhibited at the Salon the following year, together with a portrait and other paintings.
Émile Péreire supplied Tissot’s painting Walk in the Snow for the 1862 international exhibition in London; the next year three paintings by Tissot were displayed at the London gallery of Ernest Gambart. In about 1863, Tissot suddenly shifted his focus from the medieval style to the depiction of modern life through portraits. During this period, Tissot gained high critical acclaim, and quickly became a success as an artist. Like contemporaries such as Alfred Stevens and Claude Monet, Tissot also explored Japonisme, including Japanese objects and costumes in his pictures and expressing style influence. Degas painted a portrait of Tissot from these years (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York), in which he is sitting below a Japanese screen hanging on the wall.
Tissot fought in the Franco-Prussian War as part of the improvised defence of Paris, joining two companies of the Garde Nationale and later as part of the Paris Commune. His 1870 painting La Partie Carrée (The Foursome) evoked the period of the French revolution. Either because of the radical political associations related to the Paris Commune (which he was believed to have joined mostly to protect his own belongings rather than for shared ideology), or because of better opportunities, he left Paris for London in 1871.
Tissot quickly developed his reputation as a painter of elegantly dressed women shown in scenes of fashionable life. By 1872 Tissot had bought a house in St John’s Wood, an area of London very popular with artists at the time. He gained membership of The Arts Club in 1873. Paintings by Tissot appealed greatly to wealthy British industrialists during the second half of the 19th century. During 1872 he earned 94,515 francs, an income normally only enjoyed by those in the echelons of the upper classes.
In 1874, Degas asked him to join them in the first exhibition organized by the artists who became known as the Impressionists, but Tissot refused. He continued to be close to these artists, however. Berthe Morisot visited him in London in 1874, and he travelled to Venice with Édouard Manet at about the same time. He regularly saw Whistler, who influenced Tissot’s Thames river scenes.
In 1875 or 1876, Tissot met Kathleen Newton, a divorcee who became the painter’s companion and frequent model. He composed an etching of her in 1876 entitled Portrait of Mrs N., more commonly titled La frileuse. She gave birth to a son, Cecil George Newton in 1876, who is believed to be Tissot’s son. She moved into Tissot’s household in St. John’s Wood in 1876 and lived with him until her death in the late stages of consumption in 1882. Tissot frequently referred to these years with Newton as the happiest of his life, a time when he was able to live out his dream of a family life.
In 1885, Tissot had a revival of his Catholic faith, which led him to spend the rest of his life making paintings about Biblical events. Many of his artist friends were skeptical about his conversion, as it conveniently coincided with the French Catholic revival, a reaction against the secular attitude of the French Third Republic. At a time when French artists were working in Impressionism, Pointillism, and heavy oil washes, Tissot was moving toward realism in his watercolors. To assist in his completion of biblical illustrations, Tissot traveled to the Middle East in 1886, 1889, and 1896 to make studies of the landscape and people. His series of 365 gouache (opaque watercolor) illustrations showing the life of Christ were shown to critical acclaim and enthusiastic audiences in Paris (1894–1895), London (1896) and New York (1898–1899), before being bought by the Brooklyn Museum in 1900. They were published in a French edition in 1896–1897 and in an English one in 1897–1898, bringing Tissot vast wealth and fame. During July 1894, Tissot was awarded the Légion d’honneur, France’s most prestigious medal. Tissot spent the last years of his life working on paintings of subjects from the Old Testament. Although he never completed the series, he exhibited 80 of these paintings in Paris in 1901 and engravings after them were published in 1904.
Tissot died suddenly in Doubs, France, on 8 August 1902, while living in the Château de Buillon, a former abbey which he had inherited from his father in 1888. His grave is in the chapel sited within the grounds of the chateau.
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The Presentation of Jesus in the Temple
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.519The Sermon of the Beatitudes
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.519You Follow Me for the Miracles
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.349But No Man Laid Hands Upon Him
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.309The Pharisees and the Herodians Conspire Against Jesus
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.349Jesus Led From Herod to Pilate
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.779Jesus Before Pilate, First interview
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.919Jesus Before Pilate, Second interview
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.479The Message of Pilate’s Wife
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.229Judas Goes to Find the Jews
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.529The Kiss of Judas
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.349The Last Sermon of Our Lord
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.229The Last Supper-Judas Dipping His Hand in the Dish
By James TissotSizes starting at kr4.429The Last Supper
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.479The Tribunal of annas
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.269The False Witnesses
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.599Barabbas
By James TissotSizes starting at kr2.869The Holy Stair
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.599The Scourging on the Back
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.759The Scourging on the Front
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.519The Crowning of Thorns
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.519The Daughters of Jerusalem
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.479Jesus Bearing the Cross
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.439Jesus Falls Beneath the Cross
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.559Jesus Stripped of His Clothing
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.189The Procession Nearing Calvary
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.409Bird’s-Eye View of the forum-Jesus Hears His Death Sentence
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.909Jesus Taken From the Cistern
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.279Let Him Be Crucified
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.799The Holy Women Watch From Afar
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.399The Garments Divided by Cast Lots
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.189The Vase of Myrrh and Gall
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.149The Nail for the Feet
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.869The First Nail
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.759The Raising of the Cross
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.559My God, My God, Why Hast Thou forsaken Me
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.309The Sorrowful Mother
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.479The Strike of the Lance
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.959The Thieves Legs Are Broken
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.109I Thirst-The Vinegar Given to Jesus
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.399Woman, Behold Thy Son
By James TissotSizes starting at kr4.389Crucifixion, Seen From the Cross
By James TissotSizes starting at kr2.989The Death of Jesus
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.309It Is Finished
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.519The Crowd Left Calvary While Beating their Breasts
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.519The Confession of Saint Longinus
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.759The Confession of the Centurion
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.879The Four Guards Sat Down and Watched Him
By James TissotSizes starting at kr4.039The Descent From the Cross
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.399The Body of Jesus Carried to the anointing Stone
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.479The Holy Virgin Kisses the Face of Jesus Before He Is Enshrouded on the anointing Stone
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.599The Holy Virgin Receives the Body of Jesus
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.479The Two Marys Watch the tomb
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.559The Chasm in the Rock in the Cave Beneath Calvary
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.599The Holy Face
By James TissotSizes starting at kr4.079The Grotto of the Agony
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.309The Guards Falling Backwards
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.349Jesus Appears to Mary Magdalene
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.559Touch Me Not
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.559The Transfiguration
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.679The Ascension
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.879The Ascension
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.189Jesus Carried Up to A Pinnacle of the Temple
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.439The Resurrection of the Widow’s Son at Nain
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.529Christ Appears on the Shore of Lake Tiberias
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.639Jesus Walks on the Sea
By James TissotSizes starting at kr4.909Saint Peter Alerted by Saint John to the Presence of the Lord Casts Himself Into the Water
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.519The Miraculous Draught of Fishes
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.519The Second Miraculous Draught of Fishes
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.759Saint John the Baptist Sees Jesus From Afar
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.639The First Denial of Saint Peter
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.559The Second Denial of Saint Peter
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.799The Third Denial of Peter. Jesus’ Look of Reproach
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.109The Sorrow of Saint Peter
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.439Apparition of Our Lord to Saint Peter
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.519Jesus Appears to the Holy Women
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.529Judas Returns the Money
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.639Mary Magdalene and the Holy Women at the tomb
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.109Mary Magdalene Questions the angels in the tomb
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.229Saint Peter and Saint John Follow From Afar
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.719The Appearance of Christ at the Cenacle
By James TissotSizes starting at kr4.119The Flight of the Apostles
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.599The Communion of the Apostles
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.579Angels Holding a Dial indicating the Different Hours of the Acts of the Passion
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.109Get thee Behind Me, Satan
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.739My Name Is Legion
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.559Address to Saint Philip
By James TissotSizes starting at kr2.989He Did No Miracles But He Healed them
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.879He Vanished From their Sight
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.479He Who Winnows His Wheat
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.719Jesus Ministered to by angels
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.519Martha
By James TissotSizes starting at kr4.349Pool of Bethesda
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.679Saint James the Less
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.269Saint John the Baptist and the Pharisees
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.619Saint Joseph Seeks a Lodging in Bethlehem
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.679Saint Peter and Saint John Run to the Sepulchre
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.349The angel and the Shepherds
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.399The angel Seated on the Stone of the tomb
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.839The Annunciation
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.269