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James Tissot
Jacques Joseph Tissot (15 October 1836 – 8 August 1902) French painter, engraver, and enameler noted for his portraits of late Victorian society. He was a successful painter of Paris society before moving to London in 1871. He became famous as a genre painter of fashionably dressed women shown in various scenes of everyday life. He also painted scenes and figures from the Bible.
Jacques Tissot was born in the city of Nantes in France and spent his early childhood there. His father, Marcel Théodore Tissot, was a successful drapery merchant. His mother, Marie Durand, assisted her husband in the family business and designed hats. A devout Catholic, Tissot’s mother instilled pious devotion in the future artist from a very young age. Tissot’s youth spent in Nantes likely contributed to his frequent depiction of shipping vessels and boats in his later works.
By the time Tissot was 17, he knew he wanted to pursue painting as a career. His father opposed this, preferring his son to follow a business profession, but the young Tissot gained his mother’s support for his chosen vocation. Around this time, he began using the given name of James. By 1854 he was commonly known as James Tissot; he may have adopted it because of his increasing interest in everything English.
In 1856 or 1857, Tissot travelled to Paris to pursue an education in art. While staying with a friend of his mother, painter Jules-Élie Delaunay, Tissot enrolled at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts to study in the studios of Hippolyte Flandrin and Louis Lamothe. Both were successful Lyonnaise painters who moved to Paris to study under Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. Lamothe provided the majority of Tissot’s studio education, and the young artist studied on his own by copying works at the Louvre, as did most other artists of the time in their early years. Around this time, Tissot also made the acquaintance of the American James McNeill Whistler, and French painters Edgar Degas (who had also been a student of Lamothe and a friend of Delaunay), and Édouard Manet.
In 1859, Tissot exhibited in the Paris Salon for the first time. He showed five paintings of scenes from the Middle Ages, many depicting scenes from Goethe’s Faust. These works show the influence in his work of the Belgian painter Henri Leys (Jan August Hendrik Leys), whom Tissot had met in Antwerp earlier that same year. Other influences include the works of the German painters Peter von Cornelius and Moritz Retzsch. After Tissot had first exhibited at the Salon and before he had been awarded a medal, the French government paid 5,000 francs for his depiction of The Meeting of Faust and Marguerite in 1860, with the painting being exhibited at the Salon the following year, together with a portrait and other paintings.
Émile Péreire supplied Tissot’s painting Walk in the Snow for the 1862 international exhibition in London; the next year three paintings by Tissot were displayed at the London gallery of Ernest Gambart. In about 1863, Tissot suddenly shifted his focus from the medieval style to the depiction of modern life through portraits. During this period, Tissot gained high critical acclaim, and quickly became a success as an artist. Like contemporaries such as Alfred Stevens and Claude Monet, Tissot also explored Japonisme, including Japanese objects and costumes in his pictures and expressing style influence. Degas painted a portrait of Tissot from these years (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York), in which he is sitting below a Japanese screen hanging on the wall.
Tissot fought in the Franco-Prussian War as part of the improvised defence of Paris, joining two companies of the Garde Nationale and later as part of the Paris Commune. His 1870 painting La Partie Carrée (The Foursome) evoked the period of the French revolution. Either because of the radical political associations related to the Paris Commune (which he was believed to have joined mostly to protect his own belongings rather than for shared ideology), or because of better opportunities, he left Paris for London in 1871.
Tissot quickly developed his reputation as a painter of elegantly dressed women shown in scenes of fashionable life. By 1872 Tissot had bought a house in St John’s Wood, an area of London very popular with artists at the time. He gained membership of The Arts Club in 1873. Paintings by Tissot appealed greatly to wealthy British industrialists during the second half of the 19th century. During 1872 he earned 94,515 francs, an income normally only enjoyed by those in the echelons of the upper classes.
In 1874, Degas asked him to join them in the first exhibition organized by the artists who became known as the Impressionists, but Tissot refused. He continued to be close to these artists, however. Berthe Morisot visited him in London in 1874, and he travelled to Venice with Édouard Manet at about the same time. He regularly saw Whistler, who influenced Tissot’s Thames river scenes.
In 1875 or 1876, Tissot met Kathleen Newton, a divorcee who became the painter’s companion and frequent model. He composed an etching of her in 1876 entitled Portrait of Mrs N., more commonly titled La frileuse. She gave birth to a son, Cecil George Newton in 1876, who is believed to be Tissot’s son. She moved into Tissot’s household in St. John’s Wood in 1876 and lived with him until her death in the late stages of consumption in 1882. Tissot frequently referred to these years with Newton as the happiest of his life, a time when he was able to live out his dream of a family life.
In 1885, Tissot had a revival of his Catholic faith, which led him to spend the rest of his life making paintings about Biblical events. Many of his artist friends were skeptical about his conversion, as it conveniently coincided with the French Catholic revival, a reaction against the secular attitude of the French Third Republic. At a time when French artists were working in Impressionism, Pointillism, and heavy oil washes, Tissot was moving toward realism in his watercolors. To assist in his completion of biblical illustrations, Tissot traveled to the Middle East in 1886, 1889, and 1896 to make studies of the landscape and people. His series of 365 gouache (opaque watercolor) illustrations showing the life of Christ were shown to critical acclaim and enthusiastic audiences in Paris (1894–1895), London (1896) and New York (1898–1899), before being bought by the Brooklyn Museum in 1900. They were published in a French edition in 1896–1897 and in an English one in 1897–1898, bringing Tissot vast wealth and fame. During July 1894, Tissot was awarded the Légion d’honneur, France’s most prestigious medal. Tissot spent the last years of his life working on paintings of subjects from the Old Testament. Although he never completed the series, he exhibited 80 of these paintings in Paris in 1901 and engravings after them were published in 1904.
Tissot died suddenly in Doubs, France, on 8 August 1902, while living in the Château de Buillon, a former abbey which he had inherited from his father in 1888. His grave is in the chapel sited within the grounds of the chateau.
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The anxiety of Saint Joseph
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.229The Apostles’ Hiding Place
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.489The Blind and Mute Man Possessed by Devils
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.599The Blind Man Washes in the Pool of Siloam
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.399The Blind of Capernaum
By James TissotSizes starting at kr4.349The Bridge of Kedron
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.919The Brow of the Hill Near Nazareth
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.719The Dead Appear In the Temple
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.349The Disbelief of Saint Thomas
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.559The Ear of Malchus
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.639The Exhortation to the Apostles
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.399The Foal of Bethpage
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.439The Foolish Virgins
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.679The Holy Women
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.599The Magdalene Before Her Conversion
By James TissotSizes starting at kr4.469The Magdalene Runs to the Cenacle to Tell the Apostles that the Body of Jesus Is No Longer in the tomb
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.719The Magi in the House of Herod
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.239The Magnificat
By James TissotSizes starting at kr4.629The Miracle of the Loaves and Fishes
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.519The Pharisee and the Publican
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.639The Poor Lazarus at the Rich Man’s Door
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.719The Primacy of Saint Peter
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.599The Protestations of Saint Pete
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.759The Repentant Magdalene
By James TissotSizes starting at kr4.629The Resurrection of Lazarus
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.439The Sojourn in Egypt
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.189The Two Women at the Mill
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.149The Vision of Saint Joseph
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.349The Vision of Zacharias
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.999The Visitation
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.559The Voice in the Desert
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.879The Washing of the Feet
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.989The Wise Virgins
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.619Two or Three Gathered in my Name
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.029Zacharias Killed Between the Temple and the Altar
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.269The Man Bearing a Pitcher of Water
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.679The Prodigal Son Begging
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.919The Return of the Prodigal Son copy
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.719The Vine Dresser and the Fig Tree
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.349The Man Who Hoards
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.679Agnus-Dei-The Scapegoat
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.559The Good Shepherd
By James TissotSizes starting at kr4.119The Cock Crowed
By James TissotSizes starting at kr4.349Simon the Cyrenian and His Two Sons Alexander and Rufus
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.029Interview Between Jesus and Nicodemus
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.309Saint Joseph
By James TissotSizes starting at kr4.389Saint Luke
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.439Saint Matthew
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.999Saint Paul
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.799Saint Philip
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.959Joseph of Arimathaea
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.349Nicodemus
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.069Saint Bartholomew
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.919Saint anne
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.439Herod
By James TissotSizes starting at kr4.429Jerusalem From the Mount of Olives
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.529The Southwest Corner of the Esplanade of the Haram, the ancient Temple
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.529The Citadel at Cairo Seen From the Mokattam
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.479The Mokattam From the Citadel of Cairo
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.479The Daughter of Herodias Dancing
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.269The Hidden Treasure
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.679The Man at the Plough
By James TissotSizes starting at kr2.909The Good Samaritan
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.879The Bad Rich Man in Hell
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.879The Son of the Vineyard
By James TissotSizes starting at kr3.309