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Neoclassical
The Neoclassical art movement emerged in the mid-18th century as a reaction against the ornate and frivolous Rococo style. It drew inspiration from the art and culture of ancient Greece and Rome, seeking to revive the principles of classical antiquity. Neoclassical artists embraced rationality, order, and idealized forms, rejecting the extravagance and emotionalism of the preceding Baroque and Rococo periods. The movement spread across Europe, influencing architecture, sculpture, painting, and decorative arts, and leaving a lasting impact on the history of art.
Neoclassical art was characterized by its emphasis on simplicity, clarity, and balance. Artists sought to capture the ideals of reason, virtue, and civic duty through their works. They drew inspiration from classical mythology, history, and literature, depicting heroic figures, mythological scenes, and allegorical subjects. The aim was to create art that conveyed moral and intellectual values, evoking a sense of timelessness and universality.
One of the prominent figures of the Neoclassical movement was the French painter Jacques-Louis David. He is considered the quintessential Neoclassical artist, known for his iconic paintings that reflect the spirit and ideals of the French Revolution. David’s works, such as «The Death of Socrates» and «The Oath of the Horatii,» display a meticulous attention to detail, strong composition, and a focus on heroic and noble subjects.
The Neoclassical style also had a profound influence on sculpture. Sculptors like Antonio Canova and Jean-Antoine Houdon created works that celebrated the beauty of the human form while embodying the classical ideals of harmony, proportion, and idealization. Canova’s marble sculptures, such as «Cupid and Psyche» and «Napoleon as Mars the Peacemaker,» exude a sense of grace and perfection, harkening back to the aesthetics of ancient Greece and Rome.
Neoclassical architecture aimed to revive the architectural principles of ancient Greece and Rome. Architects like Étienne-Louis Boullée and Jean-Nicolas-Louis Durand promoted a return to classical forms, emphasizing symmetry, order, and rationality. The buildings of this era featured grand facades, columns, pediments, and geometric proportions, evoking a sense of grandeur and civic pride.
The Neoclassical movement extended its influence beyond the realms of painting, sculpture, and architecture. It played a significant role in shaping the decorative arts, interior design, and even fashion. Neoclassical motifs, such as urns, laurel wreaths, and classical figures, adorned furniture, ceramics, textiles, and jewelry, reflecting a broader cultural fascination with the ideals of ancient Greece and Rome.
The Neoclassical movement reached its peak in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, coinciding with the Age of Enlightenment and the rise of nationalism. The ideals of reason, order, and virtue resonated with the intellectual climate of the time, as artists and thinkers sought to reclaim the values of classical antiquity in the face of social and political change.
However, the Neoclassical movement eventually faced criticism for its perceived rigidity and lack of emotional depth. As the 19th century progressed, Romanticism emerged as a counter-movement, emphasizing individual expression, emotion, and imagination. The Romantic artists rejected the formalism and restraint of Neoclassicism in favor of a more subjective and passionate approach to art.
Despite its eventual decline in popularity, the Neoclassical movement left a profound impact on the development of Western art. It laid the foundation for subsequent artistic movements and influenced generations of artists who sought to combine classical ideals with their own personal visions.
In conclusion, the Neoclassical art movement of the 18th and 19th centuries sought to revive the principles of classical antiquity in response to the excesses of the Rococo style. It emphasized rationality, order, and idealized forms, capturing the moral and intellectual values of the time. Neoclassical art encompassed painting, sculpture, architecture, and decorative arts, leaving a lasting legacy that continues to shape the artistic landscape.
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Napoleon crossing the Alps (Malmaison version) 1800
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr2.909Napoleon Crossing the Alps (Charlottenburg version) 1801
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr2.839Napoleon Crossing the Alps (Belvedere version) 1801
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr2.879Napoleon Crossing the Alps (First Versailles version) 1802
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr2.839The Death of Socrates 1787
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.979Oath of the Horatii 1786
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.499The Lictors Bring to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons 1789
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.649Apollo and Diana Attacking the Children of Niobe 1772
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.609Marat Assassinated 1793
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr2.979Mars Being Disarmed by Venus and the Three Graces 1824
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.319The Farewell of Telemachus and Eucharis 1818
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.199The Intervention of the Sabine Women
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.589Cupid and Psyche 1817
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.409Leonidas at Thermophylae
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.699Apelles Painting Campaspe in the Presence of Alexander the Great
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.479Erasistratus Discovers the Cause of Antiochus’s Disease, 1774
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.549The Anger of Achilles 1819
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.799The Death of Seneca
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.499Calliope Mourning Homer 1812
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.149Sappho and Phaon 1809
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.319The Return of Marcus Sextus
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.069Belisarius asking for Alms 1784
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.269Andromache Mourning Hector
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.349Jupiter et Antiope
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr2.989The Army takes an Oath to the Emperor after the Distribution of Eagles, 5 December 1804
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr4.119The Distribution of the Eagle Standards
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr4.119The Consecration of the Emperor Napoleon and the Coronation of Empress Joséphine on December 2, 1804
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.999The Coronation of Napoleon
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.999Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier and His Wife
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.349Mademoiselle Guimard as Terpsichore
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.389Young Woman with a Turban 1780
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr2.879Psyche Abandoned 1795
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr2.939Portrait of the Sisters Zénaïde and Charlotte Bonaparte 1821
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.269Zenaide and Carlotta Bonaparte
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.269The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries 1812
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.419Emperor Napoleon I 1807
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.249Portrait of Napoléon
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.079General Étienne-Maurice Gérard
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.179Comte Henri-Amédée-Mercure de Turenne-d’Aynac, 1816
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr2.979Portrait of the Comte de Turenne 1816
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.119Portrait of Madame Récamier
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.049Portrait of Madame de Verninac 1799
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr2.979Portrait of the Comtesse Vilain XIIII and her Daughter 1816
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.309Portrait of a young woman in White 1798
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.009Anne-Marie-Louise Thélusson, Countess of Sorcy
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.049Madame David
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr2.909Comtesse Daru 1810
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr2.979Madame de Pastoret and Her Son
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.079Portrait of a Young Woman 1800
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.049Madame François Buron 1769
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr2.879Portrait de la marquise d’Orvilliers 1790
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr2.879Suzanne Le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau 1804
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr2.909Madame Emilie Seriziat and Her Son 1795
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.119Laura-Emile-Felicite David, Baronne Meunier
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr2.909Portrait of Jacobus Blauw 1795
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr2.939Portrait of Jean-Pierre Delahaye 1815
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr2.909Portrait of Doctor Alphonse Leroy 1783
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr2.979Self-portrait, 1794
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr2.939Portait of flautist François Devienne 1792
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr2.909Seriziat
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.049The Artist’s Jailer
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr2.909Portrait of Pope Pius VII 1805
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr2.909Portrait d’un élève de David
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr2.879Portrait of a young boy 1786
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.009Roman Warrior, 1824
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr2.459Roman Youth with Horse 1824
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr2.399The Fortune Teller 1824
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.229The Lictors Returning to Brutus the Bodies of his Sons. Study
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr3.059Hector’s body 1778
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr2.969Patroclus 1780
By Jacques Louis DavidSizes starting at kr2.969