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Edouard Manet
Edouard Manet was born in Paris on January 23, 1832, to an affluent and well connected family. His mother, Eugenie-Desiree Fournier, was the goddaughter of the Swedish crown prince, Charles Bernadotte, from whom the current Swedish monarchs are descended. His father, Auguste Manet, was a French judge who expected Edouard to pursue a career in law. His uncle, Charles Fournier, encouraged him to pursue painting and often took young Manet to the Louvre. In 1845, following the advice of his uncle, Manet enrolled in a special course of drawing where he met Antonin Proust, future Minister of Fine Arts, and a subsequent life-long friend.
At his father’s suggestion, in 1848 he sailed on a training vessel to Rio de Janeiro. After twice failing the examination to join the navy, the elder Manet relented to his son’s wishes to pursue an art education. From 1850 to 1856, Manet studied under the academic painter Thomas Couture, a painter of large historical paintings. In his spare time he copied the old masters in the Louvre.
From 1853 to 1856 he visited Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands, during which time he absorbed the influences of the Dutch painter Frans Hals, and the Spanish artists Diego Velazquez andFrancisco Jose de Goya.
In 1856, he opened his own studio. His style in this period was characterized by loose brush strokes, simplification of details, and the suppression of transitional tones. Adopting the current style of realism initiated byGustave Courbet, he painted The Absinthe Drinker (1858-59) and other contemporary subjects such as beggars, singers, Gypsies, people in cafes, and bullfights. After his early years, he rarely painted religious, mythological, or historical subjects, examples include his Christ Mocked, now in the Art Institute of Chicago, and Christ with Angels, in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
He became friends with the Impressionists Edgar Degas, Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Alfred Sisley, Paul Cezanne, and Camille Pissarro, through another painter, Berthe Morisot, who was a member of the group and drew him into their activities. The grand niece of the painter Jean-Honore Fragonard, Morisot’s paintings first had been accepted in the Salon de Paris in 1864 and she continued to show in the salon for ten years.
Manet became the friend and colleague of Berthe Morisot in 1868. She is credited with convincing Manet to attempt plein air painting, which she had been practicing since she had been introduced to it by another friend of hers, Camille Corot. They had a reciprocating relationship and Manet incorporated some of her techniques into his paintings. In 1874, she became his sister-in-law when she married his brother, Eugene.
In Corner of a Cafe Concert, a man smokes while behind him a waitress serves drinks. In The Beer Drinkers a woman enjoys her beer in the company of a friend. In The Cafe Concert, shown at right, a sophisticated gentleman sits at a bar while a waitress stands resolutely in the background, sipping her drink. In The Waitress, a serving woman pauses for a moment behind a seated customer smoking a pipe, while a ballet dancer, with arms extended as she is about to turn, is on stage in the background.
Manet also painted the upper class enjoying more formal social activities. In Masked ball at the Opera, Manet shows a lively crowd of people enjoying a party. Men stand with top hats and long black suits while talking to women with masks and costumes. He included portraits of his friends in this picture.
Manet depicted other popular activities in his work. In Racing at Longchamp, an unusual perspective is employed to underscore the furious energy of racehorses as they rush toward the viewer. In Skating Manet shows a well dressed woman in the foreground, while others skate behind her. Always there is the sense of active urban life continuing behind the subject, extending outside the frame of the canvas.
In View of the International Exhibition, soldiers relax, seated and standing, prosperous couples are talking. There is a gardener, a boy with a dog, a woman on horseback – in short, a sample of the classes and ages of the people of Paris.
Manet depicted many scenes of the streets of Paris in his works. The Rue Mosnier Decked with Flags depicts red, white, and blue pennants covering buildings on either side of the street-another painting of the same title features a one-legged man walking with crutches. Again depicting the same street, but this time in a different context, is Rue Monsnier with Pavers, in which men repair the roadway while people and horses move past.
The Railway, widely known as The Gare Saint-Lazare, was painted in 1873. The setting is the urban landscape of Paris in the late nineteenth century. Using his favorite model in his last painting of her, a fellow painter,Victorine Meurent, also the model for Olympia and the Luncheon on the Grass, sits before an iron fence holding a sleeping puppy and an open book in her lap. Next to her is a little girl with her back to the painter, who watches a train pass beneath them.
He completed painting his last major work, A Bar at the Folies-Bergere (Le Bar aux Folies-Bergere), in 1882 and it hung in the Salon that year.
In 1875, a French edition of Edgar Allan Poe’s The Raven included lithographs by Manet and translation by Mallarme.
In 1881, with pressure from his friend Antonin Proust, the French government awarded Manet the Legion d’honneur.
In 1863 Manet married Suzanne Leenhoff, a Dutch-born piano teacher of his own age with whom he had been romantically involved for approximately ten years. Leenhoff initially had been employed by Manet’s father, Auguste, to teach Manet and his younger brother piano. She also may have been Auguste’s mistress. In 1852, Leenhoff gave birth, out of wedlock, to a son, Leon Koella Leenhoff.
After the death of his father in 1862, Manet married Suzanne. Eleven-year-old Leon Leenhoff, whose father may have been either of the Manets, posed often for Manet. Most famously, he is the subject of the Boy Carrying a Sword of 1861 (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York). He also appears as the boy carrying a tray in the background of The Balcony.
Manet died of untreated syphilis and rheumatism, which he contracted in his forties. The disease caused him considerable pain and partial paralysis from locomotor ataxia in the years prior to his death.
His left foot was amputated because of gangrene, an operation followed eleven days later by his death. He died at the age of fifty-one in Paris in 1883, and is buried in the Cimetiere de Passy in the city.
In 2000, one of his paintings sold for over $20 million.
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Jeanne (Spring) 1881
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.869.00Self-Portrait with Palette 1879
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.629.00Luncheon on the Grass 1863
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr3.309.00A Bar at the Folies-Bergère
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.909.00Boating 1874
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.909.00Olympia 1863
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr3.069.00Banks of the Seine at Argenteuil 1874
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.889.00Music in the Tuileries 1862
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr3.729.00Chez le Père Lathuille, 1879
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.989.00The Execution of Emperor Maximilian 1868
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr3.029.00Moonlight over the Port of Boulogne 1868
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.559.00The Folkestone Boat, Boulogne
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.599.00In the Conservatory 1879
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.879.00Interior at Arcachon 1871
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.809.00A Game of Croquet 1873
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr3.099.00Fishing
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr3.439.00Berthe Morisot With a Bouquet of Violets 1872
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.779.00The Absinthe Drinker 1859
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr3.129.00At the Café Concert 1879
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.989.00Corner of a Café-Concert
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.809.00Le Bar Aux Folies-Bergère 1881
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.579.00Monet Painting on His Studio Boat 1874
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.779.00The Old Musician 1862
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr3.349.00Luncheon in the Studio 1868
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr3.139.00Argenteuil 1874
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr3.099.00The Railway 1873
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.779.00Bullfight 1865
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.659.00Landhaus in Rueil 1882
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.649.00Woman with Fans 1873
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.899.00At the Races 1865
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr3.129.00The Races at Longchamp 1866
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr3.369.00On the Beach, Boulogne-sur-Mer
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr3.539.00The Spanish Singer 1860
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.689.00The Young Flautist, 1866
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr3.099.00Plum Brandy 1877
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.899.00Mademoiselle V… in the Costume of an Espada 1862
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.689.00Portrait of Eva Gonzalés in Manet’s studio 1870
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.869.00Laundry (Le Linge) 1875
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.809.00At the Milliner’s (La Modiste)
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.549.00Blonde Woman with Bare Breasts 1872
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.599.00The Battle of the U.S.S. ”Kearsarge” and the C.S.S. ”Alabama” 1864
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.399.00Rochefort’s Escape 1881
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.429.00Rochefort’s Escape 1881
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.809.00The Kearsarge at Boulogne 1864
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.599.00The Steamboat, Seascape with Porpoises 1868
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.599.00Sea View, Calm Weather 1864
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.589.00The Toilers of the Sea 1873
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.809.00Tarring the Boat 1873
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.539.00Mr. Eugène Petuiset, the Lion Hunter 1881
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.549.00Young woman in flowers 1879
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.659.00Boy in Flowers (Jacques Hoschedé) 1876
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr3.119.00The Monet Family in Their Garden at Argenteuil 1874
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr3.069.00Argenteuil, Boat (study)
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.669.00Music Lesson 1870
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.779.00Reclining Young Woman in Spanish Costume
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.669.00Le Repose 1871
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.749.00Lola of Valence, 1862
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.749.00Masked Ball at the Opera, 1873
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.599.00Portrait d’Ernest Hoschedé et sa fille Marthe 1876
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.909.00Portrait of Madame Edouard Manet on a blue sofa 1874
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.629.00Portrait of the Poet Zacharie Astruc 1866
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.689.00Spanish Ballet 1862
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr3.539.00Stéphane Mallarmé 1876
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.719.00The Balcony
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr3.209.00Woman Reading
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.629.00Woman With a Jug
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.549.00Émilie Ambre as Carmen 1880
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.659.00Grand Canal in Venice 1874
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.509.00The grand canal of Venice (Blue Venice) 1874
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.569.00The Garden 1870
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr3.029.00The Rue Mosnier with Flags 1878
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.599.00Emile Zola
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.689.00George Moore in the Artist’s Garden 1879
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.629.00Women at the Races 1866
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.879.00La Nymphe surprise 1861
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.689.00Nana 1877
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.719.00Madame Manet at Bellevue 1880
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.559.00Portrait of a Woman with a Black Fichu 1878
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.629.00Méry Laurent Wearing a small Toque 1882
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.989.00Portrait of Monsieur Brun 1879
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.989.00Woman with a Fan 1862
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.659.00On the Beach 1873
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.599.00Woman Lying On Sofa 1873
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.719.00Portrait of Isabelle Lemonnier 1877
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.659.00The Little Cavaliers 1860
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr3.699.00The Bullfight 1864
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr4.339.00View of the Paris Universal Exhibition 1867
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr3.179.00Croquet at Boulogne 1871
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr3.239.00Boats at Berck-sur-Mer 1873
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.969.00Sea in Stormy Weather 1873
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.679.00Rising tide 1873
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.569.00The Jetty of Boulogne-sur-Mer 1868
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.539.00Marine in Holland 1872
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.559.00The ship’s deck 1860
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.539.00Polichinelle 1873
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.959.00The Dead Toreador 1864
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr3.479.00A Matador
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.929.00Young Man in the Costume of a Majo 1863
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr2.929.00Beggar with a Duffle Coat (Philosopher)
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr3.129.00Beggar with Oysters (Philosopher)
By Edouard ManetSizes starting at kr3.129.00