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Jacques Joseph Tissot (15 October 1836 – 8 August 1902) French painter, engraver, and enameler noted for his portraits of late Victorian society. He was a successful painter of Paris society before moving to London in 1871. He became famous as a genre painter of fashionably dressed women shown in various scenes of everyday life. He also painted scenes and figures from the Bible.
Jacques Tissot was born in the city of Nantes in France and spent his early childhood there. His father, Marcel Théodore Tissot, was a successful drapery merchant. His mother, Marie Durand, assisted her husband in the family business and designed hats. A devout Catholic, Tissot’s mother instilled pious devotion in the future artist from a very young age. Tissot’s youth spent in Nantes likely contributed to his frequent depiction of shipping vessels and boats in his later works.
By the time Tissot was 17, he knew he wanted to pursue painting as a career. His father opposed this, preferring his son to follow a business profession, but the young Tissot gained his mother’s support for his chosen vocation. Around this time, he began using the given name of James. By 1854 he was commonly known as James Tissot; he may have adopted it because of his increasing interest in everything English.
In 1856 or 1857, Tissot travelled to Paris to pursue an education in art. While staying with a friend of his mother, painter Jules-Élie Delaunay, Tissot enrolled at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts to study in the studios of Hippolyte Flandrin and Louis Lamothe. Both were successful Lyonnaise painters who moved to Paris to study under Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. Lamothe provided the majority of Tissot’s studio education, and the young artist studied on his own by copying works at the Louvre, as did most other artists of the time in their early years. Around this time, Tissot also made the acquaintance of the American James McNeill Whistler, and French painters Edgar Degas (who had also been a student of Lamothe and a friend of Delaunay), and Édouard Manet.
In 1859, Tissot exhibited in the Paris Salon for the first time. He showed five paintings of scenes from the Middle Ages, many depicting scenes from Goethe’s Faust. These works show the influence in his work of the Belgian painter Henri Leys (Jan August Hendrik Leys), whom Tissot had met in Antwerp earlier that same year. Other influences include the works of the German painters Peter von Cornelius and Moritz Retzsch. After Tissot had first exhibited at the Salon and before he had been awarded a medal, the French government paid 5,000 francs for his depiction of The Meeting of Faust and Marguerite in 1860, with the painting being exhibited at the Salon the following year, together with a portrait and other paintings.
Émile Péreire supplied Tissot’s painting Walk in the Snow for the 1862 international exhibition in London; the next year three paintings by Tissot were displayed at the London gallery of Ernest Gambart. In about 1863, Tissot suddenly shifted his focus from the medieval style to the depiction of modern life through portraits. During this period, Tissot gained high critical acclaim, and quickly became a success as an artist. Like contemporaries such as Alfred Stevens and Claude Monet, Tissot also explored Japonisme, including Japanese objects and costumes in his pictures and expressing style influence. Degas painted a portrait of Tissot from these years (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York), in which he is sitting below a Japanese screen hanging on the wall.
Tissot fought in the Franco-Prussian War as part of the improvised defence of Paris, joining two companies of the Garde Nationale and later as part of the Paris Commune. His 1870 painting La Partie Carrée (The Foursome) evoked the period of the French revolution. Either because of the radical political associations related to the Paris Commune (which he was believed to have joined mostly to protect his own belongings rather than for shared ideology), or because of better opportunities, he left Paris for London in 1871.
Tissot quickly developed his reputation as a painter of elegantly dressed women shown in scenes of fashionable life. By 1872 Tissot had bought a house in St John’s Wood, an area of London very popular with artists at the time. He gained membership of The Arts Club in 1873. Paintings by Tissot appealed greatly to wealthy British industrialists during the second half of the 19th century. During 1872 he earned 94,515 francs, an income normally only enjoyed by those in the echelons of the upper classes.
In 1874, Degas asked him to join them in the first exhibition organized by the artists who became known as the Impressionists, but Tissot refused. He continued to be close to these artists, however. Berthe Morisot visited him in London in 1874, and he travelled to Venice with Édouard Manet at about the same time. He regularly saw Whistler, who influenced Tissot’s Thames river scenes.
In 1875 or 1876, Tissot met Kathleen Newton, a divorcee who became the painter’s companion and frequent model. He composed an etching of her in 1876 entitled Portrait of Mrs N., more commonly titled La frileuse. She gave birth to a son, Cecil George Newton in 1876, who is believed to be Tissot’s son. She moved into Tissot’s household in St. John’s Wood in 1876 and lived with him until her death in the late stages of consumption in 1882. Tissot frequently referred to these years with Newton as the happiest of his life, a time when he was able to live out his dream of a family life.
In 1885, Tissot had a revival of his Catholic faith, which led him to spend the rest of his life making paintings about Biblical events. Many of his artist friends were skeptical about his conversion, as it conveniently coincided with the French Catholic revival, a reaction against the secular attitude of the French Third Republic. At a time when French artists were working in Impressionism, Pointillism, and heavy oil washes, Tissot was moving toward realism in his watercolors. To assist in his completion of biblical illustrations, Tissot traveled to the Middle East in 1886, 1889, and 1896 to make studies of the landscape and people. His series of 365 gouache (opaque watercolor) illustrations showing the life of Christ were shown to critical acclaim and enthusiastic audiences in Paris (1894–1895), London (1896) and New York (1898–1899), before being bought by the Brooklyn Museum in 1900. They were published in a French edition in 1896–1897 and in an English one in 1897–1898, bringing Tissot vast wealth and fame. During July 1894, Tissot was awarded the Légion d’honneur, France’s most prestigious medal. Tissot spent the last years of his life working on paintings of subjects from the Old Testament. Although he never completed the series, he exhibited 80 of these paintings in Paris in 1901 and engravings after them were published in 1904.
Tissot died suddenly in Doubs, France, on 8 August 1902, while living in the Château de Buillon, a former abbey which he had inherited from his father in 1888. His grave is in the chapel sited within the grounds of the chateau.
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God’s Curse
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으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩332,149The Caravan of Abram
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으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩349,409Abram’s Counsel to Sarai
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩360,379Hagar and the angel in the Desert
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으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩385,949Abraham and the Three angels
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으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩464,179The Mess of Pottage
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩341,559Jacob Deceives Isaac
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩367,689Jacob and Rachel at the Well
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으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩353,979The Meeting of Esau and Jacob
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으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩346,269The Glory of Joseph
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으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩331,099Pharaoh and the Midwives
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으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩395,069Moses
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩450,569Pharaoh’s Daughter Has Moses Brought to Her
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으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩346,269Water Is Changed into Blood
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩367,689The Plague of Flies
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩308,569The Plague of Locusts
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩321,929Pharaoh and His Dead Son
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩390,509The Signs on the Door
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩464,179The Exodus
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으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩340,259The Death of Aaron
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩349,409The Brazen Serpent
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩344,829The Women of Midian Led Captive by the Hebrews
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩395,069Moses Sees the Promised Land From Afar
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩404,179The Egyptians Are Destroyed
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩630,859Moses Blesseth Joshua Before the High Priest
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩344,829The Flight of the Spies
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩395,069The Ark Passes Over the Jordan
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩346,269The Taking of Jericho
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩326,519The Seven Trumpets of Jericho
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩395,069The Harlot of Jericho and the Two Spies
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩344,829Achan and His Family Stoned to Death
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩344,829Joshua and the Five Kings
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩353,979The Valiant of Gibeon
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩381,389Joshua Destroys the Giants
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩303,579Deborah Beneath the Palm Tree
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩381,389Jael Smote Sisera, and Slew Him
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩344,829Jael Shows to Barak, Sisera Lying Dead
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩399,619A Woman Breaks the Skull of Abimelech
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩340,259Samson Eats the Honey
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩381,389Samson Puts forth a Riddle
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩344,829Samson Slays a Thousand Men
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩353,979Samson Puts Down the Pillars
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩393,239The Idol Broken Down Before the Ark
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩365,079David and Ahimelech
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩303,849Festivities in Honour of David
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩335,679Desolation of Tamar
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩372,259Solomon Dedicates the Temple at Jerusalem
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩340,259The Chaldees Destroy the Brazen Sea
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩450,049The Flight of the Prisoners
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩367,689The Songs of Joy
으로 제임스 티소크기 시작 ₩350,979