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Vincent van Gogh (March 30, 1853 – July 29, 1890) is generally considered the greatest Dutch painter after Rembrandt, though he had little success during his lifetime. Van Gogh produced all of his work (some 900 paintings and 1100 drawings) during a period of only 10 years before he succumbed to mental illness (possibly bipolar disorder) and committed suicide. His fame grew rapidly after his death especially following a showing of 71 of van Gogh’s paintings in Paris on March 17, 1901 (11 years after his death).
Van Gogh’s influence on expressionism, fauvism and early abstraction was enormous, and can be seen in many other aspects of 20th-century art. The Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam is dedicated to Van Gogh’s work and that of his contemporaries.
Several paintings by Van Gogh rank among the most expensive paintings in the world. On March 30, 1987 Van Gogh’s painting Irises was sold for a record $53.9 million at Sotheby’s, New York. On May 15, 1990 his Portrait of Doctor Gachet was sold for $82.5 million at Christie’s, thus establishing a new price record (see also List of most expensive paintings).
Vincent was born in Zundert, The Netherlands; his father was a protestant minister, a profession that Vincent found appealing and to which he would be drawn to a certain extent later in his life. His sister described him as a serious and introspective child.
At age 16 Vincent started to work for the art dealer Goupil & Co. in The Hague. His four years younger brother Theo, with whom Vincent cherished a life long friendship, would join the company later. This friendship is amply documented in a vast amount of letters they sent each other. These letters have been preserved and were published in 1914. They provide a lot of insight into the life of the painter, and show him to be a talented writer with a keen mind. Theo would support Vincent financially throughout his life.
In 1873, his firm transferred him to London, then to Paris. He became increasingly interested in religion; in 1876 Goupil dismissed him for lack of motivation. He became a teaching assistant in Ramsgate near London, then returned to Amsterdam to study theology in 1877.
After dropping out in 1878, he became a layman preacher in Belgium in a poor mining region known as the Borinage. He even preached down in the mines and was extremely concerned with the lot of the workers. He was dismissed after 6 months and continued without pay. During this period he started to produce charcoal sketches.
In 1880, Vincent van Gogh followed the suggestion of his brother Theo and took up painting in earnest. For a brief period Vincent took painting lessons from Anton Mauve at The Hague. Although Vicent and Anton soon split over divergence of artistic views, influences of the Hague School of painting would remain in Vincents work, notably in the way he played with light and in the looseness of his brush strokes. However his usage of colours, favouring dark tones, set him apart from his teacher.
In 1881 he declared his love to his widowed cousin Kee Vos, who rejected him. Later he would move in with the prostitute Sien Hoornik and her children and considered marrying her; his father was strictly against this relationship and even his brother Theo advised against it. They later separated.
Impressed and influenced by Jean-Francois Millet , van Gogh focussed on painting peasants and rural scenes. He moved to the Dutch province Drenthe, later to Nuenen, North Brabant, also in The Netherlands. Here he painted in 1885.
In the winter of 1885-1886 Van Gogh attended the art academy of Antwerp, Belgium. This proved a disappointment as he was dismissed after a few months by his Professor. Van Gogh did however get in touch with Japanese art during this period, which he started to collect eagerly. He admired its bright colors, use of canvas space and the role lines played in the picture. These impressions would influence him strongly. Van Gogh made some painting in Japanese style. Also some of the portraits he painted are set against a background which shows Japanese art.
In spring 1886 Vincent van Gogh went to Paris, where he moved in with his brother Theo; they shared a house on Montmartre. Here he met the painters met Edgar Degas Camille Pissarro, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec and Paul Gauguin. He discovered impressionsm and liked its use of light and color, more than its lack of social engagement (as he saw it). Especially the technique known as pointillism (where many small dots are applied to the canvas that blend into rich colors only in the eye of the beholder, seeing it from a distance) made its mark on Van Goghs own style. It should be noted that Van Gogh is regarded as a post-impressionist, rather than an impressionist.
In 1888, when city life and living with his brothers proved too much, Van Gogh left Paris and went to Arles, Bouches-du-Rh, France. He was impressed with the local landscape and hoped to found an art colony. He decorated a “yellow house” and created a celebrated series of yellow sunflower paintings for this purpose. Only Gauguin, whose simplified colour schemes and forms (known as synthetism) attracted van Gogh, followed his invitation. The admiration was mutual, and Gauguin painted van Gogh painting sunflowers. However their encounter ended in a quarrel. Van Gogh suffered a mental breakdown and cut off part of his left ear, which he gave to a startled prostitute friend. Gauguin left in December 1888.
The only painting he sold during his lifetime, The Red Vineyard, was created in 1888. It is now on display in the Pushkin Museum in Moscow, Russia.
Vincent van Gogh now exchanged painting dots for small stripes. He suffered from depression, and in 1889 on his own request Van Gogh was admitted to the psychiatric center at Monastery Saint-Paul de Mausole in Saint Remy de Provence, Bouches-du-Rh, France. During his stay here the clinic and its garden became his main subject. Pencil strokes changed again, now into spiral curves.
In May 1890 Vincent van Gogh left the clinic and went to the physician Paul Gachet, in Auvers-sur-Oise near Paris, where he was closer to his brother Theo, who had recently married. Gachet had been recommended to him by Pissarro; he had treated several artists before. Here van Gogh created his only etching: a portrait of the melancholic doctor, doctor Gachet. His depression aggravated. On July 27 of the same year, at the age of 37, after a fit of painting activity, van Gogh shot himself in the chest. He died two days later, with Theo at his side, who reported his last words as “La tristesse durera toujours” (French: “The sadness will last forever”). He was buried at the cemetery of Auvers-sur-Oise; Theo unable to come to terms with his brother’s death died 6 months later and was buried next to him. It would not take long before his fame grew higher and higher. Large exhibitions were organized soon: Paris 1901, Amsterdam 1905, Cologne 1912, New York 1913 and Berlin 1914.
Vincent van Gogh’s mother threw away quite a number of his paintings during Vincent’s life and even after his death. But she would live long enough to see her son become a world famous painter.
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Terrace Of A Café At Night (Place Du Forum) 1888
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩252,439The Starry Night Saint Remy
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,909Starry Night Over The Rhone
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩261,819Country Road In Provence By Night 1890
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩252,439A Wheatfield With Cypress 1889
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩252,439Green Wheat Field With Cypress (1889)
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩255,999Wheat Field With Cypresses 1889
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩255,269Field With Irises Near Arles
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩246,779The Harvest With Blue Cart 1888
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,909Green Wheat Fields, Auvers 1890
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩255,269The Sower (Sower At Sunset) 1888
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩252,439Wheat Field With Reaper, Auvers 1890
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩255,269Les Vessenots In Auvers
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩246,779Corn Harvest In Provence
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩249,609Wheatfield 1888
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩253,089Vue De L’asile Et De La Chapelle Saint-Paul De Mausole (Saint-Rémy)
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩267,649Wheatfield Under Thunderclouds 1890
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩341,759Wheatfield With Crows 1890
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩347,429Landscape At Twilight 1890
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩341,759The Plain Of Auvers 1890
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩341,759Tree Roots 1890
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩338,929Farmhouse In Provence
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩260,929Red Vineyard At Arles (Montmajour) 1888
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩255,269Field With Plowing Farmers
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,099Vineyards At Auvers
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩255,999The Fields
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,099Wheatfield With Partridge
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩249,609Meadow With Flowers Under A Stormy Sky
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩255,999Plain Close To Auvers
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,909La Moisson (The Wheatfield Behind Saint Paul’s Hospital With A Reaper) 1889
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩249,609Wheat Field With Sheaves
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩253,089Wheatfield With A Reaper
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,909Wheat Fields After The Rain (The Plain Of Auvers)
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,909A Lane Near Arles (Side Of A Country Lane)
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩246,779Sunset At Montmajour 1888
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,909Ploughed Fields (The Furrows)
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩255,269Farmhouse In A Wheat Field 1888
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩241,109Field With Poppies 1889
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,909Landscape At Auvers After Rain With Carriage And Train 1890
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,909The Sower, 1888
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,099Willows At Sunset
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩235,449Wheat Fields-Alpilles Foothills In The Background 1888
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩249,609Wheat Stacks In Provence
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,909View Of Saintes Maries De La Mer 1888
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩246,779View Of The Alpilles
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩246,779La Crau With Peach Trees In Bloom
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩252,439Enclosed Field With Ploughman 1889
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩249,609Landscape With Wheat Sheaves And Rising Moon 1889
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,909Enclosed Field With Peasant
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩252,439Wheatfield With Cornflowers 1890
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩270,559Wheat Field With Reaper And Sun
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩255,269House At Auvers 1890
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩255,269Les Alpilles, Mountain Landscape Near Saint Remy
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩249,609Sheaves Of Wheat
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩338,929Field With Poppies
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩275,089Arles-View From The Wheat Fields 1888
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩249,609Mountainous Landscape Behind Saint-Paul Hospital
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩255,269Enclosed Wheat Field With Rising Sun 1889
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,909The Wheat Field Behind St. Pauls Hospital, St. Remy, 1889
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩266,599Summer Evening, Wheatfield With Setting Sun 1888
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,909A Group Of Cottages
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩252,439The Drawbridge
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,099Bridge At Arles (Pont De Langlois) 1888
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩249,609The Langlois Bridge 1888
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩252,439Undergrowth With Two Figures 1890
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩338,929Tree Trunks In The Grass 1890
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,909Mountains At Saint Rémy 1889
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩255,269View Of Arles, Flowering Orchards
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩255,269Field With Stacks Of Wheat
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩341,759Farms Near Auvers 1890
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩341,759Rain – Auvers
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩338,929Wheat Field In Rain 1889
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,909View Of Auvers 1890
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩235,609The Green Vineyard
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,909View Of Auvers-Sur-Oise, 1890
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩249,609Factories At Clichy
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩260,929The Green Wheatfield Behind The Asylum, 1892
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,909Wheat Fields In A Mountainous Landscape
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩252,439Edge Of A Wheat Field With Poppies
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩260,929Field With Poppies 1890
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩255,999Sunflowers 1889
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,099Vase With Twelve Sunflowers 1888
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩252,439Vase With Fifteen Sunflowers
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩252,439Sunflowers – Vase With Twelve Sunflowers
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩255,269Three Sunflowers 1888
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩249,609Six Sunflowers
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩269,429Irises 1890
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩252,439Irises 1889
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,099Iris, 1889
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩255,269Sunflowers,1887
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩269,429Four Sunflowers Gone To Seed 1887
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩292,089Still Life With Two Sunflowers. 1887
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩249,609Almond Blossom 1890
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,909Still Life, Vase With Daisies 1890
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,099Cornflowers And Poppies
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩260,929Nature Morte- Vase Aux Glaïeuls
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩260,929Vase With Irises
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,909Imperial Fritillaries In A Copper Vase 1887
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩249,609Still Life (Nature Morte)
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩246,779Oleanders 1888
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩249,609