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Vincent van Gogh (March 30, 1853 – July 29, 1890) is generally considered the greatest Dutch painter after Rembrandt, though he had little success during his lifetime. Van Gogh produced all of his work (some 900 paintings and 1100 drawings) during a period of only 10 years before he succumbed to mental illness (possibly bipolar disorder) and committed suicide. His fame grew rapidly after his death especially following a showing of 71 of van Gogh’s paintings in Paris on March 17, 1901 (11 years after his death).
Van Gogh’s influence on expressionism, fauvism and early abstraction was enormous, and can be seen in many other aspects of 20th-century art. The Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam is dedicated to Van Gogh’s work and that of his contemporaries.
Several paintings by Van Gogh rank among the most expensive paintings in the world. On March 30, 1987 Van Gogh’s painting Irises was sold for a record $53.9 million at Sotheby’s, New York. On May 15, 1990 his Portrait of Doctor Gachet was sold for $82.5 million at Christie’s, thus establishing a new price record (see also List of most expensive paintings).
Vincent was born in Zundert, The Netherlands; his father was a protestant minister, a profession that Vincent found appealing and to which he would be drawn to a certain extent later in his life. His sister described him as a serious and introspective child.
At age 16 Vincent started to work for the art dealer Goupil & Co. in The Hague. His four years younger brother Theo, with whom Vincent cherished a life long friendship, would join the company later. This friendship is amply documented in a vast amount of letters they sent each other. These letters have been preserved and were published in 1914. They provide a lot of insight into the life of the painter, and show him to be a talented writer with a keen mind. Theo would support Vincent financially throughout his life.
In 1873, his firm transferred him to London, then to Paris. He became increasingly interested in religion; in 1876 Goupil dismissed him for lack of motivation. He became a teaching assistant in Ramsgate near London, then returned to Amsterdam to study theology in 1877.
After dropping out in 1878, he became a layman preacher in Belgium in a poor mining region known as the Borinage. He even preached down in the mines and was extremely concerned with the lot of the workers. He was dismissed after 6 months and continued without pay. During this period he started to produce charcoal sketches.
In 1880, Vincent van Gogh followed the suggestion of his brother Theo and took up painting in earnest. For a brief period Vincent took painting lessons from Anton Mauve at The Hague. Although Vicent and Anton soon split over divergence of artistic views, influences of the Hague School of painting would remain in Vincents work, notably in the way he played with light and in the looseness of his brush strokes. However his usage of colours, favouring dark tones, set him apart from his teacher.
In 1881 he declared his love to his widowed cousin Kee Vos, who rejected him. Later he would move in with the prostitute Sien Hoornik and her children and considered marrying her; his father was strictly against this relationship and even his brother Theo advised against it. They later separated.
Impressed and influenced by Jean-Francois Millet , van Gogh focussed on painting peasants and rural scenes. He moved to the Dutch province Drenthe, later to Nuenen, North Brabant, also in The Netherlands. Here he painted in 1885.
In the winter of 1885-1886 Van Gogh attended the art academy of Antwerp, Belgium. This proved a disappointment as he was dismissed after a few months by his Professor. Van Gogh did however get in touch with Japanese art during this period, which he started to collect eagerly. He admired its bright colors, use of canvas space and the role lines played in the picture. These impressions would influence him strongly. Van Gogh made some painting in Japanese style. Also some of the portraits he painted are set against a background which shows Japanese art.
In spring 1886 Vincent van Gogh went to Paris, where he moved in with his brother Theo; they shared a house on Montmartre. Here he met the painters met Edgar Degas Camille Pissarro, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec and Paul Gauguin. He discovered impressionsm and liked its use of light and color, more than its lack of social engagement (as he saw it). Especially the technique known as pointillism (where many small dots are applied to the canvas that blend into rich colors only in the eye of the beholder, seeing it from a distance) made its mark on Van Goghs own style. It should be noted that Van Gogh is regarded as a post-impressionist, rather than an impressionist.
In 1888, when city life and living with his brothers proved too much, Van Gogh left Paris and went to Arles, Bouches-du-Rh, France. He was impressed with the local landscape and hoped to found an art colony. He decorated a “yellow house” and created a celebrated series of yellow sunflower paintings for this purpose. Only Gauguin, whose simplified colour schemes and forms (known as synthetism) attracted van Gogh, followed his invitation. The admiration was mutual, and Gauguin painted van Gogh painting sunflowers. However their encounter ended in a quarrel. Van Gogh suffered a mental breakdown and cut off part of his left ear, which he gave to a startled prostitute friend. Gauguin left in December 1888.
The only painting he sold during his lifetime, The Red Vineyard, was created in 1888. It is now on display in the Pushkin Museum in Moscow, Russia.
Vincent van Gogh now exchanged painting dots for small stripes. He suffered from depression, and in 1889 on his own request Van Gogh was admitted to the psychiatric center at Monastery Saint-Paul de Mausole in Saint Remy de Provence, Bouches-du-Rh, France. During his stay here the clinic and its garden became his main subject. Pencil strokes changed again, now into spiral curves.
In May 1890 Vincent van Gogh left the clinic and went to the physician Paul Gachet, in Auvers-sur-Oise near Paris, where he was closer to his brother Theo, who had recently married. Gachet had been recommended to him by Pissarro; he had treated several artists before. Here van Gogh created his only etching: a portrait of the melancholic doctor, doctor Gachet. His depression aggravated. On July 27 of the same year, at the age of 37, after a fit of painting activity, van Gogh shot himself in the chest. He died two days later, with Theo at his side, who reported his last words as “La tristesse durera toujours” (French: “The sadness will last forever”). He was buried at the cemetery of Auvers-sur-Oise; Theo unable to come to terms with his brother’s death died 6 months later and was buried next to him. It would not take long before his fame grew higher and higher. Large exhibitions were organized soon: Paris 1901, Amsterdam 1905, Cologne 1912, New York 1913 and Berlin 1914.
Vincent van Gogh’s mother threw away quite a number of his paintings during Vincent’s life and even after his death. But she would live long enough to see her son become a world famous painter.
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The Arlesienne 1888
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩279,189Femme Dans Un Champ De Ble
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩268,939Portrait Of A Man 1888
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩272,359Eugene Boch 1888
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩292,829La Berceuse (Portrait Of Madame Roulin) 1889
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩282,599Mother Roulin And Her Baby
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩279,189The Good Samaritan (After Delacroix)
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩275,769Portrait Of Etienne-Lucien Martin
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩275,769Portrait Of Camille Roulin 1888
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩279,189The Novel Reader (Une Liseuse De Romans) 1888
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩279,189Eglogue En Provence – Un Couple Damoureux
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩303,049Marguerite Gachet Au Piano
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩384,349The Peasant, Portrait Of Patience Escalier
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩282,599Self Portrait On The Road To Tarascon (The Painter On His Way To Work)
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,679Portrait Of Gauguin
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩262,099Self-Portrait As A Painter
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩286,009Self-Portrait With Bandaged Ear
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩275,769Self-Portrait With Straw Hat 1887
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩289,419Self-Portrait With Straw Hat 1887
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩275,769The Garden Of Saint Paul’s Hospital
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,909Pine Trees At Sunset
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩255,269A Corner Of The Asylum And The Garden With A Heavy, Sawed-Off Tree 1889
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩252,439The Road Menders 1889
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,909Arbres Dans Le Jardin De L’asile 1889
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩252,439Road Menders At Saint-Remy (1889)
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩252,439The Garden Of Saint Paul’s Hospital (The Fall Of The Leaves) 1889
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩249,609The Stone Bench In The Asylum At Saint-Remy 1889
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩249,609Path In The Garden Of The Asylum
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩249,609Landscape With Trees And Figures
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,099Parc De L’hôpital Saint-Paul
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩255,269Pine Trees In The Garden Of The Asylum
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩238,279Hospital At Saint-Remy, 1889
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩252,439The Courtyard Of The Hospital At Arles
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,099The Entrance Hall Of Saint-Paul Hospital
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩263,759Corridor In The Asylum
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩255,269Pine Trees In The Garden Of Saint-Paul Hospital
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩260,929Ward In The Hospital In Arles
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩261,819Trees In The Garden Of Saint-Paul Hospital
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩252,439Olive Trees On A Hillside
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩249,609Landscape With Rabbits
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,909The Siesta (After Millet) 1891
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩255,269Peasant Woman Binding Sheaves (After Millet) 1889
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,099Le Moissonneur (D’après Millet)
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩309,079Thresher-(After-Millet)
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩286,419Peasant Woman Bruising Flax (After Millet)
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩283,589The Sheaf Binder (After Millet)
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩263,759The Reaper (After Millet)
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩260,929The Sheep-Shearer (After Millet) 1889
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩272,259The Sower, After Millet
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩252,439The Woodcutter (After Millet)
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩300,589The Diggers, 1889
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩255,269Two Peasants Diging (After Millet) 1890
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,909Evening (After Millet)
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,909The Shepherdess (After Millet)
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩255,269The Spinner (After Millet)
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩289,249L’homme Est En Mer
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,099The Raising Of Lazarus (After Rembrandt)
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,099Pietà (After Delacroix)
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩249,609Half-Figure Of An Angel
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩253,089The Drinkers
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩252,439The Sower 1888
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩255,999Reminiscence Of Brabant
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩252,439Snow Covered Field With A Harrow (After Millet)
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩255,269Terrace And Observation Deck At The Moulin De Blute-Fin, Montmartre
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,099The Garden Of The Asylum At Saint-Rémy
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩255,269Blossoming Chestnut Trees
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩252,439Chestnut Trees In Blossom
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩246,779Horse Chestnut Tree In Blossom
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩246,779Daubignys Garden
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩311,919Daubigny’s Garden 1890
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩232,699Daubigny’s Garden
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩333,259Fishing Boats On The Beach At Les Saintes-Maries-De-La-Mer 1888
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩255,999Seascape Near Les Saintes-Maries-De-La-Mer
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,099Fishing Boats At Saintes-Maries 1888
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩246,779Coal Barges (1888)
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩252,439The Stevedores In Arles
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩246,779View Of The Sea At Scheveningen
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩272,259Fishing In Spring, The Pont De Clichy (Asnières)
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩246,779Bank Of The Seine 1887
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩279,299Exterior Of A Restaurant In Asnieres
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩272,259Interior Of A Restaurant
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩255,999Rocks With Oak Tree 1888
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩243,939The Restaurant De La Sirene At Asnieres
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩255,999Garden At Arles 1888
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩255,999Garden With Flowers
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩252,439Garden Behind A House
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩249,609Square Saint-Pierre At Sunset
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩261,819Garden In Montmarte With Lovers 1887
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩282,209Square Saint-Pierre, Paris
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩270,559Patch Of Grass 1887
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩260,929Path In The Park 1888
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩255,269Entrance To The Public Gardens In Arle
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩255,269Public Garden With Couple And Blue Fir Tree
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩255,999The Poet’s Garden
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,909Park At Asnieres In Spring
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,099Garden In Auvers 1890
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,909Path In The Park At Arles 1888
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩255,269Garden With Weeping Willow
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩249,609Femme Dans Un Jardin
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩258,909Ears Of Wheat
으로 빈센트 반 고흐크기 시작 ₩263,759