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Jacob-Abraham-Camille Pissarro was born in Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas, to Abraham Gabriel Pissarro, a Portuguese Sephardic Jew, and Rachel Manzana-Pomie, from the Dominican Republic. Pissarro lived in St. Thomas until age 12, when he went to a boarding school in Paris. He returned to St. Thomas where he drew in his free time. Pissarro was attracted to political anarchy, an attraction that may have originated during his years in St. Thomas.
In 1852, he traveled to Venezuela with the Danish artist Fritz Melbye. In 1855, Pissarro left for Paris, where he studied at various academic institutions (including the Ecole des Beaux-Arts and Academie Suisse) and under a succession of masters, such as Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, Gustave Courbet, and Charles-Francois Daubigny. Corot is sometimes considered Pissarro’s most important early influence; Pissarro listed himself as Corot’s pupil in the catalogues to the 1864 and 1865 Paris Salons.
His finest early works (See Jalais Hill, Pontoise, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York) are characterized by a broadly painted (sometimes with palette knife) naturalism derived from Courbet, but with an incipient Impressionist palette.
Pissarro married Julie Vellay, a maid in his mother’s household. Of their eight children, one died at birth and one daughter died aged nine. The surviving children all painted, and Lucien, the oldest son, became a follower of William Morris.
The London years
The Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71 compelled Pissarro to flee his home in Louveciennes in September 1870; he returned in June 1871 to find that the house, and along with it many of his early paintings, had been destroyed by Prussian soldiers. Initially his family was taken in by a fellow artist in Montfoucault, but by December 1870 they had taken refuge in London and settled at Westow Hill in Upper Norwood (today better known as Crystal Palace, near Sydenham). A Blue Plaque currently marks the site of the house on the building at 77a Westow Hill.
Through the paintings Pissarro completed at this time, we can glimpse back to the days when Sydenham was a small satellite town recently connected to the capital by the arrival of the railway. One of the most appreciated of these paintings is a view of St Bartholomew’s Church at the end of Lawrie Park Avenue, commonly known as The Avenue, Sydenham, in the collection of the London National Gallery. Twelve oil paintings date from his stay in Upper Norwood and are listed and illustrated in the catalogue raisonne prepared jointly by his fifth child Ludovic-Rodolphe Pissarro and Lionello Venturi and published in 1939. These paintings include Norwood Under the Snow, and Lordship Lane Station, views of The Crystal Palace relocated from Hyde Park, Dulwich College, Sydenham Hill, All Saints Church, and a lost painting of St. Stephen’s Church.
Whilst in Upper Norwood, Pissarro was introduced to the art dealer Paul Durand-Ruel, who bought two of his ‘London’ paintings. Durand-Ruel subsequently became the most important art dealer of the new school of French Impressionism.
In 1890 Pissarro returned to England and painted some ten scenes of central London. He came back again in 1892, painting in Kew Gardens and Kew Green, and also in 1897, when he produced several oils of Bedford Park, Chiswick. For more details of his British visits, see Nicholas Reed, “Camille Pissarro at Crystal Palace” and “Pissarro in West London”, published by Lilburne Press.
Known as the “Father of Impressionism”, Pissarro painted rural and urban French life, particularly landscapes in and around Pontoise, as well as scenes from Montmartres. His mature work displays an empathy for peasants and laborers, and sometimes evidences his radical political leanings. He was a mentor to Paul Cezanne and Paul Gauguin and his example inspired many younger artists, including Californian Impressionist Lucy Bacon.
Pissarro’s influence on his fellow Impressionist is probably still underestimated; not only did he offer substantial contributions to Impressionist theory, but he also managed to remain on friendly, mutually respectful terms with such difficult personalities as Edgar Degas, Paul Cezanne and Paul Gauguin. Pissarro exhibited at all eight of the Impressionist exhibitions. Moreover, whereas Monet was the most prolific and emblematic practitioner of the Impressionist style, Pissarro was nonetheless a primary developer of Impressionist technique.
Pissarro experimented with Neo-Impressionist ideas between 1885 and 1890. Discontented with what he referred to as “romantic Impressionism,” he investigated Pointillism which he called “scientific Impressionism” before returning to a purer Impressionism in the last decade of his life.
In March 1893, in Paris, Gallery Durand-Ruel organized a major exhibition of 46 of Pissarro’s works along with 55 others by Antonio de La Gandara. But while the critics acclaimed Gandara, their appraisal of Pissarro’s art was less enthusiastic.
Pissarro died in Eragny-sur-Epte on either November 12 or November 13, 1903 and was buried in Pere Lachaise Cemetery in Paris. On his tomb it reads 12 November 1903.
During his lifetime, Camille Pissarro sold few of his paintings. By 2005, however, some of his works were selling in the range of U.S. $2 to 4 million.
Descendants and family
Camille’s great-grandson, Joachim Pissarro, is currently the Head Curator of Drawing and Painting at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. His great-granddaughter, Lelia, is a successful painter and resides in London. From the only daughter of Camille, – Jeanne Pissarro, other painters include Henri Bonin-Pissarro also known as BOPI (1918-2003) and Claude Bonin-Pissarro (born 1921), who is the father of Frederic Bonin-Pissarro (born 1964).
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The Bridge of Boieldieu and the Orleans Station Rouen Sunny Day 1898
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩252,439Le Boulevard Montmartre, MatinéE de Printemps 1897
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩252,439Red Roofs, Corner of a Village, Winter 1877
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩249,609Landscape With Farmhouses and Palm Trees 1856
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩258,099La RéColte des Foins, ÉRagny 1887
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩258,099Jalais Hill, Pontoise 1867
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩260,929White Frost 1873
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩269,429The Crystal Palace 1871
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩286,419Les Quatre Saisons-L’Eté 1872
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩375,769Les Quatre Saisons-Le Printemps 1872
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩375,769Les Quatre Saisons-L’Automne 1872
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩375,769Les Quatre Saisons-L’Hiver 1872
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩378,609Apple-Harvest-1888
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩249,609Les Glaneuses, 1889
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩252,439Woman Bathing Her Feet in a Brook
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩255,269Hunter in a Landscape Near Pontoise 1879
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩258,909Kew Green 1892
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩250,169Le Pré avec Cheval Gris, Eragny 1893
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩253,089Les dunes à Knokke, Effet de Soleil
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩246,779Les CarrièRes du Chou, Pontoise 1882
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩253,089Hyde Park, London 1890
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩253,089Les Coteaux de Chou, Pontoise 1882
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩249,609Le Chou à Pontoise 1882
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩255,269ChâTaigniers à Louveciennes 1879
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩263,759Maison de Paysans 1892
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩255,999Near Sydenham Hill 1871
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩255,999Orchard in Bloom, Louveciennes 1872
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩249,609Pommiers à Eragny, MatinéE de Soleil, 1903
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩246,779PâTurage, Coucher de Soleil, Eragny 1890
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩253,089Prairie avec Vaches, Brume, Soleil Couchant à ÉRagny, 1891
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩253,089Pommiers et Faneuses, Eragny 1895
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩255,999Pontoise Bridge 1878
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩249,609Prairies à Gisors 1885
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩249,609A Corner of the Meadow at Eragny 1902
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩260,929The Cabbage Field, Pontoise 1873
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩260,929Route de Versailles, Louveciennes, Rain Effect 1870
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩269,429Maisons Sur un Coteau, Hiver, Environs de Louveciennes 1872
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩269,429The Banks of the Oise Near Pontoise 1873
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩272,259The avenue, Sydenham 1871
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩280,759Route D’Ennery 1874
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩294,919Apple Picking 1886
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩226,959Hoar-Frost, Peasant Girl Making a Fire 1888
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩226,959Bather in the Woods 1895
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩249,609Haymakers, Evening, Eragny 1893
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩249,609Woman Washing Her Feet in a Brook 1894
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩255,999Young Peasant Girls Resting in the Fields Near Pontoise 1882
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩252,439La Servante assise Dans Le Jardin D’Eragny 1884
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩249,609La Sieste, Eragny 1899
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩252,439Three Horsemen and Horses Galloping in a Plain (Venezuela) 1857
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩341,759Crique avec Voilier 1856
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩280,759Two Women Chatting by the Sea, St. Thomas 1856
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩282,209Promenade En âNes à La Roche-Guyon 1865
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩282,209Antilian Landscape, St. Thomas, 1856,
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩273,469A Creek in St. Thomas, Virgin Islands 1856
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩260,929Maison au Bord D’Une Route de Campagne avec Personnages 1856
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩249,609Antilles Landscape, Donkey and Rider on a Path 1856
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩266,599Landscape, St. Thomas 1856
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩249,609Figures Resting by a Village Well 1856
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩260,929Village au Pied D’Une Colline
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩258,099Village Scene
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩252,439Boulevard Montmartre, Twilight 1897
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩253,089Boulevard Montmartre at Night 1897
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩249,609Boulevard Montmartre on a Winter Morning 1897
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩252,439Boulevard Montmartre, Morning, Cloudy Weather 1897
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩258,909Boulevard Montmartre, Spring 1897
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩252,439Mardi Gras on the Boulevards 1897
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩252,439Le Boulevard Montmartre, Brume du Matin 1897
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩246,779Boulevard Montmartre in Paris 1897
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩252,439Avenue de L’Opera (Effect of Snow in the Morning) 1898
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩252,439Avenue de L’OpéRa, Morning Sunshine 1898
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩252,439Place du theatre Francais, Fog Effect 1897
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩249,609Place du théÂTre FrançAis, Paris- Rain 1898
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩255,269Boulevard des Italiens, Morning, Sunlight 1897
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩258,909La Place du Havre, Effet de Pluie 1897
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩252,439La Place due théÂTre FrançAis 1898
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩258,909Place du Carrousel, Paris 1900
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩253,089Place du theatre-Francais, Spring 1898
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩255,999The Place du Havre, Paris 1893
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩255,999La Place du Havre et La Gare Saint-Lazare 1893
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩253,089Boulevard Rochechouart 1880
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩252,439Fair on a Sunny afternoon, Dieppe
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩252,439The Town Fair by the Church of Saint-Jacques in Dieppe, Morning, Sunlight 1901
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩258,909Bank Holiday, Kew 1892
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩253,089Fishmarket 1902
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩252,439The Fish Market in Dieppe, Grey Weather, Morning 1902
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩255,999La Rue Saint-Lazare, Temps Lumineux 1893
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩249,609Rue Saint-Honoré in the afternoon. Effect of Rain 1897
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩249,609La Rue Saint-Honoré 1898
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩246,779Morning Sun in the Rue Saint-Honoré 1898
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩246,779Rue de L’ÉPicerie in Rouen, Effect of Sunlight 1898
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩252,439View of Paris, Rue D’Amsterdam 1897
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩258,099Le Pont-Neuf, aprèS-Midi de Pluie 1901
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩252,439The Pont-Neuf 1902
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩246,779Le Pont-Neuf, aprèS-Midi, Soleil, 1901
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩253,089Le Pont-Neuf, Effet de Neige et Brouillard 1902
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩258,909Le Pont-Royal, aprèS-Midi, Temps Couvert 1903
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩261,819Le Pont Boieldieu à Rouen, Effet de Brume 1896
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩249,609Le Pont Royal et Le Pavillon de Flore 1903
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩249,609The Boieldieu Bridge in Rouen, Setting Sun, Foggy Weather 1896
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩249,609The Seine in Flood, Pont Boieldieu, Rouen, 1896
으로 까미유 피사로크기 시작 ₩253,089