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Henri Matisse, in full Henri-Émile-Benoît Matisse (31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954), born in Le Cateau-Cambrésis, in the Nord department in Northern France, was a French artist, known for both his use of colour and his fluid and original draughtsmanship. He was a draughtsman, printmaker, and sculptor, but is known primarily as a painter. Often regarded as the most important French painter of the 20th century. His mastery of the expressive language of colour and drawing, displayed in a body of work spanning over a half-century, won him recognition as a leading figure in modern art.
Matisse, the oldest son, whose parents were in the grain business, displayed little interest in art until he was 20 years old. From 1882 to 1887 he attended the secondary school in Saint-Quentin; after a year of legal studies in Paris, he returned to Saint-Quentin and became a clerk in a law office. He began to sit in on an early-morning drawing class at the local École Quentin-Latour, and, in 1890, while recovering from a severe attack of appendicitis, he began to paint, at first copying the coloured reproductions in a box of oils his mother had given him. Soon he was decorating the home of his grandparents at Le Cateau. In 1891 he abandoned the law and returned to Paris to become a professional artist.
In 1898 he married a young woman from Toulouse, Amélie Parayre, and left Paris for a year, visiting London, where he studied the paintings of J.M.W. Turner, and working in Corsica, where he received a lasting impression of Mediterranean sunlight and colour.
The intense colorism of the works he painted between 1900 and 1905 brought him notoriety as one of the Fauves (wild beasts). Many of his finest works were created in the decade or so after 1906, when he developed a rigorous style that emphasized flattened forms and decorative pattern. In 1917, he relocated to a suburb of Nice on the French Riviera, and the more relaxed style of his work during the 1920s gained him critical acclaim as an upholder of the classical tradition in French painting. After 1930, he adopted a bolder simplification of form.
Fauvism as a style began around 1900 and continued beyond 1910. The movement as such lasted only a few years, 1904–1908, and had three exhibitions. The leaders of the movement were Matisse and André Derain. Matisse’s first solo exhibition was at Ambroise Vollard’s gallery in 1904, without much success. His fondness for bright and expressive colour became more pronounced after he spent the summer of 1904 painting in St. Tropez with the neo-Impressionists Signac and Henri-Edmond Cross. In that year, he painted the most important of his works in the neo-Impressionist style, Luxe, Calme et Volupté.
Around April 1906, Matisse met Pablo Picasso, who was 11 years his junior. The two became lifelong friends as well as rivals and are often compared. One key difference between them is that Matisse drew and painted from nature, while Picasso was more inclined to work from imagination. The subjects painted most frequently by both artists were women and still lifes, with Matisse more likely to place his figures in fully realised interiors.
Matisse spent seven months in Morocco from 1912 to 1913, producing about 24 paintings and numerous drawings. His frequent orientalist topics of later paintings, such as odalisques, can be traced to this period.
But middle age, growing affluence, an established international reputation, the disruptions of World War I, and a distaste for public commotion gradually combined to isolate him from the centres of avant-gardism. He began to winter on the French Riviera, and by the early 1920s he was mostly a resident of Nice or its environs. His pictures became less daring in conception and less economical in means. Like many of the painters and composers during these years (notably Pablo Picasso and Igor Stravinsky), Matisse relaxed into a modernized sort of classicism. Such typically Nice-period works as the Odalisque with Magnolias (1923–24) and Decorative Figure on an Ornamental Background (1925–26), however, are masterpieces that deserve their popularity.
During the last years of his life, he was a rather solitary man who was separated from his wife and whose grown-up children were scattered. After 1941, when he underwent an operation for an intestinal tumour, he was bedridden much of the time. He moved to the hilltop of Vence, France in 1943, where he produced his first major cut-out project for his artist’s book titled Jazz. However, these cut-outs were conceived as designs for stencil prints to be looked at in the book, rather than as independent pictorial works. At this point, Matisse still thought of the cut-outs as separate from his principal art form. His new understanding of this medium unfolds with the 1946 introduction for Jazz.
After 1950 he suffered from asthma and heart trouble. Cared for by a faithful Russian woman who had been one of his models in the early 1930s, he lived in a large studio in the Old Hôtel Regina at Cimiez, overlooking Nice. But there are no signs of flagging creative energy or of sadness in his final achievements. On the contrary, these works are among the most daring, most accomplished, and most serenely optimistic of his entire career. In May 1954, his cut out The Sheaf was exhibited at the Salon de Mai and met with success.
Matisse died of a heart attack at the age of 84 on 3 November 1954. He is buried in the cemetery of the Monastère Notre Dame de Cimiez, in the Cimiez neighbourhood of Nice.
The first painting of Matisse acquired by a public collection was Still Life with Geraniums (1910). His The Plum Blossoms (1948) was purchased on 8 September 2005 for the Museum of Modern Art. Estimated price was US$25 million. Previously, it had not been seen by the public since 1970.
In May 2018 at a Christie’s sale of 19th and 20th-century works from the collection of the late Peggy and David Rockefeller, Henri Matisse’s Odalisque couchée aux magnolias (1923) went for $80.8 million, a record for a work by the artist at auction.
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Odalisque Couchée Aux Magnolias
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩325,499L’Odalisque, harmonie bleue
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩300,189Purple Robe and Anemones
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩296,219Woman in a Purple Coat
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩300,189Woman with a Hat (Femme au chapeau)
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩320,059The open window
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩296,219La glace sans tain (The Blue Window)
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩335,919Les poissons rouges (Interior with a Goldfish Bowl)
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩339,879The Joy Of Life (Le Bonheur De Vivre)
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩270,559Luxe, Calme, et Volupté (Luxury, Calm, and Desire)
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩296,219The Red Studio
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩253,089La danse
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩277,929Dance (I)
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩277,929Music
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩277,929Les Capucines (Nasturtiums with The Dance II)
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩297,749La Leçon de piano
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩304,169Pianist and Checker Players
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩313,249Dancer on a Chair – Danseuse Dans le Fauteuil, Sol en Damier
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩305,079Jeune fille aux anémones sur fond violet
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩300,189Goldfish
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩339,879Cat With Red Fish (Chat Aux Poissons Rouges)
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩316,089Portrait of Madame Matisse. The Green Line
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩304,169Bathers by a River
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩277,929Woman In Green Gown (La Femme en jaune)
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩312,119Boléro violet
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩359,669Portrait au manteau bleu
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩343,839Espagnole
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩335,919Femme à l’ombrelle
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩308,139Femme au chapeau
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩331,949Titine Trovato en robe et chapeau
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩300,189Red Madras Headdress (Le Madras rouge)
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩300,189Anémones et grenades
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩252,439Interiéur à Nice, femme assise avec un livre
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩299,649La Séance du matin
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩272,359Bouquet de fleurs pour le Quatorze Juillet
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩258,099The Piano Lesson
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩241,109Woman with a Veil
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩275,769Goldfish and Palette
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩258,099Black Mirror Anemones (Anémones Au Miroir Noir)
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩252,439Nature morte aux trois vases
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩249,609Red Room
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩249,609The Conversation
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩246,779Still Life with Pineapple
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩244,349The Snail (L’Escargot)
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩226,959Mlle. Matisse en manteau écossais
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩289,419Yellow Odalisque
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩296,219Young Girl In A Green Dress (Jeune fille à la mauresque, robe verte )
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩300,189Algerian Woman
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩308,139Portrait aux cheveux bouclés, pull marin (Allan Stein)
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩296,219La fenêtre ouverte
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩249,609Les coucous, tapis bleu et rose
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩252,439Les Pivoines
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩246,779The Boats In Nice (Les Régates De Nice)
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩252,439Antique et oeillets
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩249,609Le lit dans la glace
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩258,099Le Danseur
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩243,939Paysage de Collioure
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩246,779Femme en bleu à table, fond rouge
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩351,759Jeune femme assise en robe grise
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩300,189L’Italienne (Lorette)
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩296,219Tête de femme penchée (Lorette)
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩324,019Venitienne (En Buste)
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩339,879Jeune fille en robe blanche, assise près de la fenêtre
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩324,019Figure assise et le torse grec (la gandoura)
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩296,219Oliviers à Collioure
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩253,089La danse
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩292,239Promenade des oliviers
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩253,089Odalisque au fauteuil noir
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩305,079A Nude Lying on her Back
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩300,189Nu aux jambes croisées
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩300,189Nu au peignoir
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩304,169Danseuse Dans Un Intérieur, Carrelage Vert et Noir
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩300,189Odalisques Jouant Aux Dames
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩320,059Nu sur fond rouge
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩359,669Nu à la serviette blanche
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩320,059Nude by the sea
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩304,169Nude With Blue Cushion (Nu Au Coussin Bleu)
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩300,189Odalisque With Hands Behind Her Back (Odalisque Mains Dans Le Dos)
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩312,119Nu à la fenêtre
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩296,219Femme au fauteuil–Femme en négligé
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩300,189L’artiste et le modèle nu
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩300,189Odalisque grise et jaune
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩331,949Nu à la chaise longue
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩351,759The Blue Nude (Souvenir de Biskra)
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩343,839Femme Couchée
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩339,879Une Rue à Arcueil
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩246,779Nu assis, fond bleu
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩300,189The Young Sailor II
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩300,189The Black Shawl
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩409,149Danseuse assise sur une table, fond rouge
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩324,019Chinese Casket (Le Coffret chinois)
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩309,159Domino Players (Les Joueuses de dominos)
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩296,219Breakfast
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩292,239Conversation under the Olive Trees
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩304,169Femme auprès de la fenêtre
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩304,169Femme à l’ombrelle verte
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩304,169Femme auprès de la fenêtre
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩304,169Intérieur à Nice, la sieste
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩296,219Interior at Nice
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩296,219Interior at Nice
으로 앙리 마티스크기 시작 ₩331,949