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윌리엄-아돌프 부구로
William-Adolphe Bouguereau (30 November 1825 – 19 August 1905) was a dominant figure in his nation’s academic painting during the second half of the 19th century. In his realistic genre paintings he used mythological themes, making modern interpretations of classical subjects, with an emphasis on the female human body. During his life, he enjoyed significant popularity in France and the United States, was given numerous official honors, and received top prices for his work.
William-Adolphe Bouguereau was born in La Rochelle, France, on 30 November 1825, into a family of wine and olive oil merchants. At the age of twelve, Bouguereau went to Mortagne-sur-Gironde to stay with his uncle Eugène, a priest, and developed a love of nature, religion and literature. In 1839, he was sent to study for the priesthood at a Catholic college in Pons. Here he was taught to draw and paint by Louis Sage, who had studied under Ingres. Bouguereau reluctantly left his studies to return to his family, now residing in Bordeaux. There he met a local artist, Charles Marionneau, and commenced at the Municipal School of Drawing and Painting in November 1841. He was soon the best pupil in his class, and decided to become an artist in Paris. To fund the move, he sold portraits – 33 oils in three months. All were unsigned and only one has been traced. In 1845, he returned to Mortagne to spend more time with his uncle. He arrived in Paris in March 1846, aged twenty.
Bouguereau entered the École des Beaux-Arts in 1846 and was awarded the Prix de Rome in 1850. Upon his return to France from four years’ study in Italy, he attracted a wide following with his mythological and allegorical paintings, although his portrait paintings are perhaps held in higher esteem today. His work was characterized by a highly finished, technically impeccable realism and a sentimental interpretation of his subject matter.
Bouguereau, painting within the traditional academic style, exhibited at the annual exhibitions of the Paris Salon for his entire working life. An early reviewer stated, “M. Bouguereau has a natural instinct and knowledge of contour. The eurythmie of the human body preoccupies him, and in recalling the happy results which, in this genre, the ancients and the artists of the sixteenth century arrived at, one can only congratulate M. Bouguereau in attempting to follow in their footsteps … Raphael was inspired by the ancients … and no one accused him of not being original.”
From the early 1870s, he and his family spent every summer in La Rochelle. In 1882, he decided that rather than rent he would purchase a house, as well as local farm buildings. By August of that year, the family’s permanent summer base was on the rue Verdière. The artist commenced several paintings here and completed them in his Paris studio. Bouguereau flourished after his Villa Medici residence. In 1856, the Ministry of State for Fine Arts commissioned him to paint Emperor Napoleon III Visiting the Victims of the Tarascon Flood.
By the late 1850s, he had made strong connections with art dealers, particularly Paul Durand-Ruel (later the champion of the Impressionists), who helped clients buy paintings from artists who exhibited at the Salons. Thanks to Durand-Ruel, Bouguereau met Hugues Merle, who later often was compared to Bouguereau. Bouguereau’s fame extended to England by the 1860s. Three paintings were shown at the 1863 Salon and Holy Family (Now at Chimei Museum) was sold to Napoleon III, who presented it to his wife the Empress Eugénie.
Bather (1864), a shocking nude, was submitted to an exhibition in Ghent, Belgium. It was a spectacular success and purchased by the museum at great expense. At this time, William took on decorative work at the Grand Théâtre, Bordeaux, which lasted four years. In 1875, with assistants, he began work on a La Rochelle chapel ceiling, producing six paintings on copper over the next six years. Once installed in the city in summer 1875 he began Pietà, one of his greatest religious paintings and shown at the 1876 Salon, in tribute to his son Georges.
Bouguereau was a staunch traditionalist whose genre paintings and mythological themes were modern interpretations of Classical subjects, both pagan and Christian, with a concentration on the naked female form. The idealized world of his paintings brought to life goddesses, nymphs, bathers, shepherdesses, and madonnas in a way that appealed to wealthy art patrons of the era. He employed traditional methods of working up a painting, including detailed pencil studies and oil sketches, and his careful method resulted in a pleasing and accurate rendering of the human form. His painting of skin, hands, and feet was particularly admired. He also used some of the religious and erotic symbolism of the Old Masters, such as the “broken pitcher” which connoted lost innocence.
Bouguereau was an assiduous painter, often completing twenty or more easel paintings in a single year. Even during the twilight years of his life, he would rise at dawn to work on his paintings six days a week and would continue painting until nightfall. Throughout the course of his lifetime, he is known to have painted at least 822 paintings. Many of these paintings have been lost.
On 19 August 1905, aged 79, Bouguereau died in La Rochelle from heart disease. Bouguereau was laid to rest with Nelly and his children at the family vault at Montparnasse Cemetery.
Prices for Bouguereau’s works have climbed steadily since 1975, with major paintings selling at high prices: $1,500,000 in 1998 for The Heart’s Awakening, $2,600,000 in 1999 for The Motherland. Bouguereau’s works are in many public collections. His painting La Charité (1878) sold in 2000 for an auction record of $3.53 million at the time at Christie’s New York.
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The Heart’s Awakening 1982
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩367,689Songs of Spring 1889
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩372,259Dream of Spring 1901
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩392,189The Assault 1898
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩397,329The Invasion 1892
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩387,049Youth (1893)
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩417,879Whisperings of Love 1889
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩408,729Blessures d’amour 1897
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩433,269The Birth of Venus (1879)
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩381,909L’Amour et Psych (1899)
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩367,579The rapture of Psyche 1895
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩379,419Cupid’s Secrets 1896
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩327,989L’Aurore (Dawn) 1881
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩417,029Night (La Nuit) 1883
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩409,149Lost Pleiad (1884)
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩432,769Hemera 1881
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩420,969Bacchante 1894
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩367,579A Girl Defending Herself against Eros 1880
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩327,989The Pony-Back Ride
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩320,059Le Voile
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩331,949Mailice (1899)
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩331,949The Virgin of the angels 1881
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩392,189The Flagellation of Our Lord Jesus Christ (1880)
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩387,049Dante and Virgile 1850
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩356,169The Motherland 1883
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩433,269Pietà 1876
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩412,739Virgin of Consolation
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩387,049Virgin and Child
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩408,729The Madonna of The Roses
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩363,119La Vierge aux anges 1900
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩407,609Ora Pro Nobis 1903
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩412,739Orestes Pursued by the Furies
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩357,339The First Mourning 1888
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩331,099The Wave (1896)
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩289,419Admiration 1897
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩371,619The Nymphaeum
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩399,679The Nut Gatherers 1882
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩376,819Biblis
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩323,469The Youth of Bacchus (1884)
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩464,009Equality Before Death 1848
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩367,419Nymphs and Satyr 1873
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩392,189Flight of Love 1901
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩376,819Amour a L’affut 1890
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩339,879Cupid flying over water
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩363,619L’amour à L’épine
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩347,799L’amour au Papillon
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩371,529On the Lookout 1896
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩355,719Elegy (1899)
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩351,759At The Fountain
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩395,069The Goose Girl (1891)
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩432,769Harvest of Hazelnuts 1883
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩358,549Orpheline à La Fontaine
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩363,619Petite Bergère
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩379,419Entre la richesse et l’amour 1869
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩351,009Breton Brother and Sister 1871
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩363,119A Priestess of Bacchus
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩391,259The Secret 1876
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩371,619The Shepherdess 1895
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩343,839The Spinner 1873
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩383,369The Young Shepherdess
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩440,629Fishing For Frogs 1882
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩335,679Frère Et Soeur
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩452,409The Shepherdess 1881
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩347,799Glaneuse
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩363,619Pifferaro
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩300,189Portrait d’un jeune Romain
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩296,219The Ford 1895
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩448,489The Little Beggar
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩355,719The Little Shepherdess 1889
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩371,529The Proposal 1872
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩363,119Charity (1878)
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩399,619Gypsy Girl with a Basque Drum (1867)
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩351,759Spring Breeze (1895)
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩339,879Pandore
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩327,989Reflection 1898
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩359,669After the Bath (1875)
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩420,969The Bather 1879
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩347,799Bather (1870)
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩424,899The Bathers 1884
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩385,949La Perle 1894
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩387,319Bather 1864
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩359,669Woman with Seashell 1885
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩343,839Seated Nude 1884
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩312,119Linnocence 1893
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩409,149Le Sommeil
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩345,859Le Sommeil
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩361,319The Bunch of Grapes
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩340,259Le Lever
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩340,259Le Petit Câlin
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩363,119Le Réveil (Réduction)
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩351,009Les Oranges
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩361,319Maternal Admiration (1869)
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩340,259Premières Caresses (Premier Réduction)
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩376,819Sainte Famille (Réduction)
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩326,519The Younger Brother
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩376,819Young Mother Gazing at Her Child 1871
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩349,409La leçon de flûte, 1868
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩340,259Admiration Maternelle – Le Bain
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩340,259La Grande Soeu
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩395,069The Elder Sister, reduction 1864
으로 윌리엄-아돌프 부구로크기 시작 ₩331,099