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J.M.W. Turner
Turner was born in Maiden Lane, Covent Garden, London, England. His father, William Gay Turner (27 January 1738 – 7 August 1829), was a barber and wig maker. His mother, Mary Marshall, became increasingly mentally unstable, perhaps, in part, due to the early death of Turner’s younger sister, Helen Turner, in 1786. She died in 1804, after having been committed to a mental asylum in 1799.
Possibly due to the load placed on the family by these problems, the young Turner was sent to stay with his uncle on his mother’s side in Brentford in 1785, which was then a small town west of London on the banks of the River Thames. It was here that he first expressed an interest in painting. A year later he went to school in Margate on the north-east Kent coast. By this time he had created many drawings, which his father exhibited in his shop window.
He entered the Royal Academy of Art schools in 1789, when he was only 14 years old, and was accepted into the academy a year later. Sir Joshua Reynolds, president of the Royal Academy at the time, chaired the panel that admitted him. At first Turner showed a keen interest in architecture but was advised to keep to painting by the architect Thomas Hardwick (junior). A watercolour of Turner’s was accepted for the Summer Exhibition of 1790 after only one year’s study. He exhibited his first oil painting in 1796, Fishermen at Sea, and thereafter exhibited at the academy nearly every year for the rest of his life.
Although renowned for his oils, Turner is also one of the greatest masters of British watercolour landscape painting. He is commonly known as «the painter of light». One of his most famous oil paintings is The fighting Temeraire tugged to her last berth to be broken up, painted in 1838, which hangs in the National Gallery, London. Turner travelled widely in Europe, starting with France and Switzerland in 1802 and studying in the Louvre in Paris in the same year. He also made many visits to Venice. On a visit to Lyme Regis, in Dorset, England, he painted a stormy scene (now in the Cincinnati Art Museum).
Important support for his works also came from Walter Ramsden Fawkes, of Farnley Hall, near Otley in Yorkshire, who became a close friend of the artist. Turner first visited Otley in 1797, aged 22, when commissioned to paint watercolours of the area. He was so attracted to Otley and the surrounding area that he returned time and time again. The stormy backdrop of Hannibal Crossing The Alps is reputed to have been inspired by a storm over Otley’s Chevin while Turner was staying at Farnley Hall.
Turner was also a frequent guest of George O’Brien Wyndham, 3rd Earl of Egremont at Petworth House in West Sussex and painted scenes from the grounds of the house and of the Sussex countryside, including a view of the Chichester Canal that Egremont funded. Petworth House still displays a number of paintings.
As he grew older, Turner became more eccentric. He had few close friends except for his father, who lived with him for thirty years, eventually working as his studio assistant. His father’s death in 1829 had a profound effect on him, and thereafter he was subject to bouts of depression. He never married, although he had two daughters by Sarah Danby, one born in 1801, the other in 1811.
He died in the house of his mistress Sophia Caroline Booth in Cheyne Walk, Chelsea on 19 December 1851. He is said to have uttered the last words «The sun is God» before expiring. At his request he was buried in St Paul’s Cathedral, where he lies next to Sir Joshua Reynolds. His last exhibition at the Royal Academy was in 1850.
The architect Philip Thomas Hardwick (1792-1870) who was a friend of Turner’s and also the son of the artist’s tutor, Thomas Hardwick, was one in charge of his funeral arrangements and wrote to those who knew Turner to tell them at the time of his death that «I must inform you, we have lost him».
In 1974, the Turner Museum was founded in the USA by Douglass Montrose-Graem to house his collection of Turner prints. A prestigious annual art award, the Turner Prize, created in 1984, was named in Turner’s honour, but has become increasingly controversial, having promoted art which has no apparent connection with Turner’s. Twenty years later the more modest Winsor & Newton Turner Watercolour Award was founded. A major exhibition, «Turner’s Britain», with material, (including The fighting Temeraire on loan from around the globe, was held at Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery from 7 November 2003 to 8 February 2004. In 2005, Turner’s The fighting Temeraire was voted Britain’s «greatest painting» in a public poll organised by the BBC.
In October 2005 Professor Harold Livermore, its owner for 60 years, gave Sandycombe Lodge, the villa at Twickenham which Turner designed and built for himself, to the Sandycombe Lodge Trust to be preserved as a monument to the artist. In 2006 he additionally gave some land to the Trust which had been part of Turner’s domaine. The organisation The Friends of Turner’s House was formed in 2004 to support it.
In April 2006, Christie’s New York auctioned Giudecca, La Donna Della Salute and San Giorgio, a view of Venice exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1841, for US$35.8 million, setting a new record for a Turner. The New York Times stated that according to two sources who had requested anonymity the buyer was casino magnate Stephen Wynn.
In 2006, Turner’s Glaucus and Scylla (1840) was returned by Kimbell Art Museum to the heirs of John and Anna Jaffe after a Holocaust Claim was made. The painting was repurchased by the Kimbell for $5.7 million at a sale by Christie’s in April of 2007.
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The Fighting Temeraire
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.949Venice- The Dogana and San Giorgio Maggiore, 1834
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.949Fishermen at Sea 1796
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.949The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.839The Slave Ship 1840
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.879The Grand Canal – Venice 1835
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.879Dido building Carthage 1815
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr3.109The Shipwreck 1805
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr3.049Peace – Burial at Sea 1842
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.539Death on a pale horse 1825
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.719Rain, Steam and Speed – The Great Western Railway 1844
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.769Norham Castle, Sunrise 1845
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.799Norham Castle- Sunrise
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.929Frosty Morning
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr3.129Snow Storm- Hannibal and his Army Crossing the Alps 1812
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr3.269The Parting of Hero and Leander
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr3.189Boats Carrying Out Anchors to the Dutch Men of War, 1804
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.819Fishing Boats with Hucksters Bargaining for Fish
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.889Keelmen Heaving in Coals by Moonlight, 1835
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.949Valley of Aosta- Snowstorm, Avalanche, and Thunderstorm 1836
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.879Calais Pier 1803
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.939Staffa, Fingal’s Cave
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.909Shipping at the Mouth of the Thames 1806
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.909Bell Rock Lighthouse 1819
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr3.009Line Fishing, Off Hastings 1836
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.819Rotterdam Ferry-Boat, 1833
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.879Van Tromp Returning after the Battle off the Dogger Bank
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.879The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons 1835
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.839Modern Rome – Campo Vaccino 1839
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.949Rome, From Mount Aventine
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.909Mortlake Terrace, 1827
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.879Mortlake Terrace- Early Summer Morning 1826
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.879‘I’ve lost My Boat, You shan’t have Your Hoop
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.789A Coast Scene with Fishermen Hauling a Boat Ashore
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.949The Victory Returning from Trafalgar, in Three Positions 1806
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr3.039The Wreck of a Transport Ship 1810
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.969A Disaster at Sea 1835
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.849Lake Avernus- Aeneas and the Cumaean Sybil
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.909Dustanborough Castle
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.939Conway Castle, North Wales 1798
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.969Alnwick Castle 1829
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr3.039Helvoetsluys; the City of Utrecht, 64, Going to Sea 1832
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.879High Street, Oxford 1810
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.999Life-Boat and Manby Apparatus Going Off to a Stranded Vessel Making Signal (Blue Lights) of Distress, 1831
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.879Port Ruysdael
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.879Rhodes
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr3.329Rockets and Blue Lights to Warn Steamboats of Shoal 1840
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.879Snow Storm – Steam-Boat off a Harbour’s Mouth 1842
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.879Seascape with a Squall Coming Up
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.879Sheerness as seen from the Nore 1808
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr3.049The Campo Santo, Venice 1842
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr3.139Ulysses Deriding Polyphemus 1829
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr3.099The Blue Rigi- Lake of Lucerne, Sunrise 1842
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr3.069The Red Rigi 1842
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr3.069Lake Geneva and Mount Blanc
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr3.159Lake of Lucerne, from the Landing Place at Fleulen, Looking towards Bauen and Tell’s Chapel, Switzerland
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr3.039The Morning after the Deluge 1843
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.539The Evening of the Deluge, 1843
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.509War. The Exile and the Rock Limpet
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.509Vesuvius in Eruption
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.939Gledhow Hall, Yorkshire
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.969Cologne, the Arrival of a Packet Boat in the Evening 1826
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.889Sun Rising through Vapour 1807
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.909Limekiln at Coalbrookdale 1797
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr3.039View of Ehrenbreitstein
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.909The Golden Bough
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr3.099Lake of Geneva from Montreux 1810
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr3.029Caligula’s Palace and Bridge 1831
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr3.459Brussels, A Distant View
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr3.309The Fifth Plague of Egypt 1800
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr3.139St. Mawes, Cornwall 1823
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr3.099Harlech Castle, from Twgwyn Ferry, Summer’s Evening Twilight
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.829A River Seen from a Hill
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.509Falls of the Rhine at Schaffhausen, Front View 1841
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.859Falls of the Rhine at Schaffhausen, Moonlight 1841
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.829Falls of the Rhine at Schaffhausen, Side View 1841
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.789A view in the Domleschg Valley, Switzerland
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.819A mountain scene, Val d’Aosta 1845
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.879A Swiss Lake, Lungernzee
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr3.079Castle on Height near Geneva 1836
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr3.079From Chambave looking down the Val D’ Aosta towards Ussel 1836
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.859Le pont du chateau, Luxembourg 1839
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.909Chatel Argent, in the Val d’Aosta, near Villeneuve 1836
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.819Knaresborough, Yorkshire
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.969Fort of L’Essillon, Val de la Maurienne, France 1836
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr3.079Falls near the Source of the Jumna in the Himalayas 1836
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr3.069Fluelen- Morning (looking towards the lake) 1845
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr3.189Flüelen, from the Lake of Lucerne 1840
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr3.219Sion, Rhone (or Splugen) 1836
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.669The Domleschg Valley, Looking North to the Gorge at Rothenbrünnen
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.789Mountain Landscape with Lake 1842
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.819Llanthony Abbey, Monmouthshire 1834
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.969Launceston, Cornwall
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.969Lausanne from the West
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.999Llanberis Lake and Snowdon – Caernarvon, Wales
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr3.039Lucerne from the Lake
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr3.239Tell’s Chapel, Lake Lucerne 1841
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.719The Lauerzersee with Schwyz and the Mythen, Switzerland
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.859Mountain Scene, Mist Rising
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.919Martinswand, near Innsbruck 1833
By J.M.W. TurnerSizes starting at kr2.909