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Pierre Auguste Renoir
Pierre-Auguste Renoir ( 25 February 1841 – 3 December 1919) was a French painter originally associated with the Impressionist movement. His early works were typically Impressionist snapshots of real life, full of sparkling colour and light. By the mid-1880s, however, he had broken with the movement to apply a more disciplined, formal technique to portraits and figure paintings, particularly of women as a celebrator of beauty and feminine sensuality.
Pierre-Auguste Renoir was born in Limoges, Haute-Vienne, France, in 1841. Renoir was born into a family of artisans. His father, a tailor who had seven children, moved with his family to Paris about 1845. Renoir’s family moved to Paris in search of more favorable prospects. The location of their home, in rue d’Argenteuil in central Paris, placed Renoir in proximity to the Louvre. Renoir demonstrated his gift at an early age. Quickly recognizing his talent, his parents apprenticed him, at age 13, to work in a porcelain factory, where he learned to decorate plates with bouquets of flowers.
His skill and the great pleasure he took in his work soon convinced him he should study painting in earnest. Having saved a little money, he decided, in 1862, to take evening courses in drawing and anatomy at the École des Beaux-Arts as well as painting lessons at the studio of Charles Gleyre, a Swiss painter who had been a student of the 19th-century Neoclassical painter Jean-Auguste-Dominque Ingres. Although the academic style of his teacher did not suit Renoir, he nevertheless accepted its discipline in order to acquire the elementary skills needed to become a painter. It was here that he met Alfred Sisley, Frédéric Bazille, and Claude Monet. Renoir had his first success at the Salon of 1868 with his painting Lise with a Parasol (1867), which depicted Lise Tréhot, his lover at the time.
Renoir was inspired by the style and subject matter of previous modern painters Camille Pissarro and Édouard Manet. After a series of rejections by the Salon juries, he joined forces with Monet, Sisley, Pissarro, and several other artists to mount the first Impressionist exhibition in April 1874, in which Renoir displayed six paintings. Although the critical response to the exhibition was largely unfavorable, Renoir’s work was comparatively well received. That same year, two of his works were shown with Durand-Ruel in London.
Conditions were ripe for the birth of a new pictorial language, and Impressionism, bursting upon the scene, attracted notoriety with the first Impressionist exposition of 1874, held independently of the official Salon. It took 10 years for the movement to acquire its definitive form, its independent vision, and its unique perceptiveness. But one can point to 1874 as the year of departure for the movement that subsequently spawned modern art. Renoir’s work is a perfect illustration of this new approach in thought and technique. By using small, multicoloured strokes, he evoked the vibration of the atmosphere, the sparkling effect of foliage, and especially the luminosity of a young woman’s skin in the outdoors. Renoir and his companions stubbornly strove to produce light-suffused paintings from which black was excluded, but their pursuits led to many disappointments: their paintings, so divergent from traditional formulas, were frequently rejected by the juries of the Salon and were extremely difficult to sell.
Renoir, because of his fascination with the human figure, was distinctive among the others, who were more interested in landscape. Thus, he obtained several orders for portraits and was introduced, thanks to the publisher Georges Charpentier, to upper-middle-class society, from whom he obtained commissions for portraits, most notably of women and children.
Renoir mastered the ability to convey his immediate visual impressions, and his paintings showed great vitality, emphasizing the pleasures of life despite the financial worries that troubled him. He displayed mostly portraits at the second Impressionist exhibition in 1876. He contributed a more diverse range of paintings the next year when the group presented its third exhibition; several of his masterpieces date from this period: La Loge (1874; Theatre Box), Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette (1876), Luncheon of the Boating Party (1880–81). By the end of the 1870s, particularly after the success of his painting Mme Charpentier and her Children (1878) at the Salon of 1879, Renoir was a successful and fashionable painter. Charpentier organized a personal exposition for the works of Renoir in 1879 in the gallery La Vie Moderne.
In 1881 and 1882 Renoir made several trips to Algeria, Italy, and Provence, and these eventually had a considerable effect on his art and on his life. During his journey to Italy, he discovered Raphael and the hallmarks of classicism: the beauty of drawing, the purity of a clear line to define a form, and the expressive force of smooth painting when used to enhance the suppleness and modeling of a body.
In 1890, he married Aline Victorine Charigot, a dressmaker twenty years his junior, who, along with a number of the artist’s friends, had already served as a model for Le Déjeuner des canotiers (Luncheon of the Boating Party; she is the woman on the left playing with the dog) in 1881, and with whom he had already had a child, Pierre, in 1885. After marrying, Renoir painted many scenes of his wife and daily family life including their children and their nurse, Aline’s cousin Gabrielle Renard. The Renoirs had three sons: Pierre Renoir (1885–1952), who became a stage and film actor; Jean Renoir (1894–1979), who became a filmmaker of note; and Claude Renoir (1901–1969), who became a ceramic artist.
Around 1892, Renoir developed rheumatoid arthritis. In 1907, he moved to the warmer climate of «Les Collettes,» a farm at the village of Cagnes-sur-Mer, Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, close to the Mediterranean coast. Renoir painted during the last twenty years of his life even after his arthritis severely limited his mobility. He developed progressive deformities in his hands and ankylosis of his right shoulder, requiring him to change his painting technique. It has often been reported that in the advanced stages of his arthritis, he painted by having a brush strapped to his paralyzed fingers, but this is erroneous; Renoir remained able to grasp a brush, although he required an assistant to place it in his hand.
Renoir’s paintings during this period still embodied a cheerful attitude toward life. His themes became more personal and intimate, focusing on portraits of his wife, his children, and Gabrielle, his maid, who often also posed for his nude paintings. His still lifes were composed of flowers and fruits from his own garden, and the landscapes were those that surrounded him. The nudes, especially, reflect the serenity that he found in his work. Examples of this period include The Artist’s Family (1896) and Girl Sleeping (c. 1897). He attempted to embody his admiration for the female form in sculpture, with the assistance of young Richard Guino. Since Renoir was no longer able to do sculpture himself, Guino became, about 1913, the skillful instrument who willingly followed his directions. He yielded before the personality of Renoir and succeeded so well that the works have all the qualities of Renoir’s style.
Renoir’s wife died in 1915 after having returned from Gérardmer, where she had gone to see their son Jean, who had been seriously wounded in the war, and who would go on to become an important filmmaker. Renoir survived his wife by four years. Several months before his death, he was able to go to Paris to see his Portrait of Madame Georges Charpentier, which had been recently acquired by the state. On that occasion, In 1919, several friends wheeled him for the last time through the Louvre to view the masterpieces that he had venerated throughout his life.
Renoir died at Cagnes-sur-Mer on 3 December 1919.
Renoir’s, Au Moulin de la Galette became one of the world’s most expensive paintings when it sold for $78 million back in 1990 at Sotheby’s in New York City, New York, L’ombrelle sold for £9,673,250 at auction inFfeb 2013.
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Dance at Le Moulin De La Galette
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.699Luncheon of the Boating Party
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.639Pont Neuf, Paris
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.939Venice (The Doge’s Palace)
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.729Two Sisters (On the Terrace) 1881
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.789The Umbrellas
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.319The Swing 1876
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.009Pink and Blue – the Cahen D´anvers Girls 1881
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.359A Girl with a Watering Can
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.909Two Young Girls at the Piano 1892
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.979Mme. Charpentier and Her Children, 1878
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.459By the Water
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.879Lunch at the Restaurant Fournaise
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.949La Grenouillère 1869
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.789Bathing on the Seine 1869
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.909La Grenouillere
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.999Dancer
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.099The Blue Lady
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.039Algerian Girl
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.789By the Seashore
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.789Portrait of Mademoiselle Irène Cahen D’anvers (Little Irene)
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.729Portrait of Mme. Paulin
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.939Sleeping Girl with a Cat
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.849Summer
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.999Portrait of Marthe Bérard 1879
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.279Monet Painting in his Garden at Argenteuil
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.759Alphonsine Fournaise
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.789The Large Bathers
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.889The theater Box
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.939La Loge Or L’avant-Scène
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.939The Clown
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.999At the theatre (La Première Sortie)
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.009Dance at Bougival
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.699Country Dance
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.939Dance in the City
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.899Alfred Sisley with his Wife
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.119The Apple Seller
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.409The Daughters of Catulle Mendès
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.189A Box in the theater Des Varietes
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.049Au Théâtre, La Loge, 1894
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.909Gabrielle Renard and infant Son Jean Renoir, 1895
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.879Woman Arranging Flowers 1917
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.789The White Pierrot
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.849Claude Renoir in Clown Costume
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.099Diana Als Jägerin
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.069Bather with a Griffon Dog – Lise on the Bank of the Seine
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.099Parisiennes in Algerian Costume Or Harem 1872
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.729Odalisque
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.339The Guitar Player
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.819Woman with a Guitar
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.729Girl with a Guitar
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.829Young Spanish Woman with a Guitar 1898
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.769Young Girls at the Piano 1892
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.009Woman at the Piano
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.789Young Girls at the Piano
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.879Yvonne and Christine Lerolle at the Piano
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.019The Excursionist 1888
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.789The Daughters of Durand Ruel
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.939In the Café 1877
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.309Tilla Durieux
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.789Buste De Femme, De Profil
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.729Girl with a Blue Ribbon 1888
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.729Confidence, 1897
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.939At the Milliner’s 1878
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.009Lovers
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.049La Promenade
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.939After the Luncheon
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.189Boating Couple
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.849Portrait of Madame Claude Monet
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.909Camille Monet Reading
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.759Children’s Afternoon at Wargemont
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.399The Artist’s Family
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.459Sailor Boy
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.219Jean as a Huntsman
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.219Woman with a Fan
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.729Woman with Fan
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.759Lady with Fan
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.879Madame Hériot
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.669Girl with a Fan 1881
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.849Femme a L’ombrelle Assise Dans Le Jardin (Lise Tréhot)
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.729Jeune Femme a L’ombrelle, 1872
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.819Femme a L’ombrelle Et Enfant
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.729Femme Cueillant Des Fleurs
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.729Acrobats at the Cirque Fernando (Francisca and Angelina Wartenberg)
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.009Enfant Assis En Robe Bleue
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.729La Jeune Fille Au Cygne Ou La Jeune Fille Au Héron
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.789Conversation
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.909Double Portrait De Jeanne Baudot
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.529Jeunes Filles Jouant Au Volant
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr3.189Femme a L’ombrelle
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.729Femme Au Chapeau
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.849Gabrielle and Coco Playing Dominos
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.769Girl in Gold Flowers Woman in White Hat, Circa 1895
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.729Girls in Black
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.939La Lecture
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.939Young Girls Looking at an Album
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.939La Tapisserie Dans Le Parc, Camille Monet
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.759The Umbrella, 1878
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.759La Fête a Saint-Cloud
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.719Le Pêcheur a La Ligne
By Pierre Auguste RenoirSizes starting at kr2.949