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Realism
Realism in the visual arts is a style that depicts the actuality of what the eyes can see. The term is used in different senses in art history, it may mean the same as illusionism, the representation of subjects with visual mimesis or verisimilitude, or may mean an emphasis on the actuality of subjects, depicting them without idealization, and not omitting their sordid aspects. Works may be realist in either of these senses, or both. Use of the two senses can be confusing, but depending on context the second sense is perhaps more common.
Realism as a tendency in 19th century art was related to similar movements in the theatre, literature and opera. All emphasized the depiction of everyday subjects, but by no means always discarding classical, Romantic or sentimental approaches to their treatment. The movement began in the 1850s in France. One of Gustave Courbet’s most important works is A Burial at Ornans, 1849-1850, a canvas recording an event which he witnessed in September 1848. Courbet’s painting of the funeral of his grand uncle became the first grand statement of the Realist style.
Realism in the illusionistic sense appears in art as early as 2400 BC in the city of Lothal in what is now India, and examples can be found throughout the history of art – Ancient Egyptian art had rigid and artificial conventions for the depiction of the human figure, but minor figures and animals are often very well-observed, and lifelike. In the broadest sense, realism in a work of art exists wherever something has been well observed and accurately depicted, even if the work as a whole does not strictly conform to the conditions of realism.
The art of ancient Greece made particular progress in developing realistic depictions of both the human figure and its surroundings, in sculpture and painting. In the Late Antique period realism largely ceased to be a priority for artists, and the recovery of the realist tradition is a constant strand in the history of Western medieval art.
For example, the proto-Renaissance painter Giotto di Bondone brought a new realism to the art of painting by rendering physical space and volume far more convincingly than his Gothic predecessors. His paintings, like theirs, represented biblical scenes and the lives of the saints. In the Early Renaissance, the development of a system of linear perspective in Italy, and the inclusion of naturalistic detail in Early Netherlandish painting both contributed to the advance of realism in Western painting in different ways.
In the late 16th century, the prevailing mode in European art was Mannerism, an artificial art of elongated figures in graceful but unlikely poses. Caravaggio emerged to change the direction of art by depicting religious figures as the Italian poor in their natural surroundings, though composed with Baroque energy.
A fondness for humble subjects and homely details characterizes much of Dutch art, and Rembrandt is an outstanding realist in the naturalist sense with his renunciation of the ideal and his embrace of the life around him. In the 19th century a group of French landscape artists known as the Barbizon School emphasized close observation of nature, paving the way for the Impressionists.
In England the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood rejected what they saw as the formulaic idealism of the followers of Raphael, which led some of them to an art of intense illusionistic, and sometimes naturalistic, realism. The final years and aftermath of the First World War saw a return of realism and of styles dating back to before Post-Impressionism, in the so-called ”Return to Order” – this became known as ”Neo-Realism” or ”Modern Realism” in England (led by Meredith Frampton, Charles Ginner, Harold Gilman and the Euston Road School), traditionisme in France (led by Andre Derain) and ”Neue Sachlichkeit” (led by Otto Dix and Christian Schad) and ”Magic Realism” in Germany.
Trompe l’oeil (literally, ”fool the eye”), a technique which creates the illusion that the objects depicted actually exist, is an extreme example of artistic realism. Examples of this tendency can be found in art from antiquity to the present day
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Boy with Anchor 1873
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.249.00La Petite Maraudeuse
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.429.00Landscape with Wall and Orchard
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.679.00Life on a farm by a lake, spring, 1922
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.879.00The Milliners 1898
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.609.00Tugboat with Black Smokestack 1908
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.749.00Watering Horses, Sunset
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.589.00At the Milliners 1881
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.519.00Boys and Kitten 1873
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.839.00Girl Eating Porridge 1874
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.199.00Landscape of Saintonge
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.589.00Le Pont Royal 1909
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.569.00Little girls in the sunshine in a blooming garden behind a farm 1918
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.899.00Watermill at the Foot of a Mountain
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.479.00Boys Wading, 1873
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.839.00Cotton Merchants in New Orleans 1873
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.779.00House with a Well at Gruchy
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.709.00Landscape with Rocks and Waterfall 1872
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.539.00Le Voeu (Réduction)
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.169.00Old woman reading the daily news in front of a farmhouse 1936
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.929.00Pont Du Carrousel and Gare D’orléans 1907
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.539.00A Fisherman’s Daughter 1873
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.749.00A Gorge in the Jura 1873
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.599.00Millet’s Birthplace at Gruchy
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.819.00Portrait of Mlle Fiocre in the Ballet ”La Source”
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.649.00Roses in bloom at an old garden cottage near Sørup 1934
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.749.00Statue Near the Louvre 1906
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.749.00The Cherry Branch
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.039.00After the Rain, Prouts Neck, 1887
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.909.00Cliffs of Gruyere, Switzerland
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.539.00La Paresseuse 1901
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.729.00Portrait of Madame Dietz-Monnin
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.679.00Sock knitting girl, 1934
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.629.00The Old Mill
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.539.00Two Figures at Top of Steps in Paris 1906
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.749.00Berry Pickers, 1873
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.909.00La Liseuse
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.069.00Le Château De Beaulieu; Près De Lausanne 1875
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.509.00Notre Dame De Paris 1907
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.539.00Sommertag in Herfølge, 1934
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.869.00The Bellelli Sisters
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.809.00Training Grape Vines
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.819.00At the Races the Start
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr3.089.00Early Evening 1881
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.639.00Hagar and Ishmael
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr3.359.00Le Crabe
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr2.809.00Les Rochers De Bonnevaux
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.939.00Notre Dame, No. 1907
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.539.00Spring in Hjembaek 1924
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.719.00Le Goûter Aux Champs
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.009.00Panoramic View of the alps 1877
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.769.00Paris Street 1906
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.749.00Pears
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.699.00Summer day at a thatched farm with two children sitting on the stairs in the sunshine 1929
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.809.00The Races
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.909.00Watching the Breakers, 1891
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.719.00Bringing in the Nets 1887
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.959.00Horses Before the Stands
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.909.00Innocence 1873
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr2.749.00Le Moulin
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.739.00Summer day with geese in a cobbled farmyard, 1935
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.879.00The Plain of Chailly with Harrow and Plough 1862
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.629.00View Across Interior Courtyard at 48 Rue De Lille, Paris 1906
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.749.00Le Moulin De Scey-En-Varais
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.539.00Pont Du Carrousel in the Fog 1907
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.539.00Rêverie 1899
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.039.00Sand and Sky 1887
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.839.00Shepherdess 1
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.879.00Summer idyll by a thatched farmhouse with a woman washing clothes 1922
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.719.00The Riders 1885
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.889.00Farmhouse At Gruchy
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.559.00Le Parc De Saint-Cloud 1907
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.569.00Paysage avec Trois Personnages
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.729.00Race Horses in Longchamp
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.849.00Rêverie sur le Seuil (1893)
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.199.00Sunny day in the countryside with mother and child 1936
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.809.00The Blue Boy 1873
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.989.00Death and the Woodcutter
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.729.00Evening on the Beach
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.029.00Fleurs De Printemps 1878
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.859.00Le Pavillon De Flore in the Spring 1907
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.569.00Ruisseau Dans La Forêt
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.919.00The False Start
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.889.00The milk cans are cleaned on a courtyard in Thorup, Denmark 1931
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.899.00Jockeys on Horseback Before Distant Hills, 1884
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.819.00Les Gorges Des Saillon
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.589.00Les Lavoirs – Pont Royal 1907
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.539.00Pâquerettes 1894
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.269.00Promenade on the Beach 1880
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.969.00The horses are watered at the pump in the yard 1923
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.839.00Woodcutter In the Forest
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr3.159.00Horses in a Meadow 1871
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.809.00Le bruit de la mer 1871
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.139.00Louvre and Boat Landing 1907
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.539.00The Cascade
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.619.00The watermill in Blaance 1921
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr3.019.00Woman on the Beach, Marshfield, 1874
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.399.00Young woman
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.779.00A woman and some cats in a farmyard at Strøby 1939
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.719.00Boat Landing at Gare D’orléans 1907
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.539.00