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Realism
Realism in the visual arts is a style that depicts the actuality of what the eyes can see. The term is used in different senses in art history, it may mean the same as illusionism, the representation of subjects with visual mimesis or verisimilitude, or may mean an emphasis on the actuality of subjects, depicting them without idealization, and not omitting their sordid aspects. Works may be realist in either of these senses, or both. Use of the two senses can be confusing, but depending on context the second sense is perhaps more common.
Realism as a tendency in 19th century art was related to similar movements in the theatre, literature and opera. All emphasized the depiction of everyday subjects, but by no means always discarding classical, Romantic or sentimental approaches to their treatment. The movement began in the 1850s in France. One of Gustave Courbet’s most important works is A Burial at Ornans, 1849-1850, a canvas recording an event which he witnessed in September 1848. Courbet’s painting of the funeral of his grand uncle became the first grand statement of the Realist style.
Realism in the illusionistic sense appears in art as early as 2400 BC in the city of Lothal in what is now India, and examples can be found throughout the history of art – Ancient Egyptian art had rigid and artificial conventions for the depiction of the human figure, but minor figures and animals are often very well-observed, and lifelike. In the broadest sense, realism in a work of art exists wherever something has been well observed and accurately depicted, even if the work as a whole does not strictly conform to the conditions of realism.
The art of ancient Greece made particular progress in developing realistic depictions of both the human figure and its surroundings, in sculpture and painting. In the Late Antique period realism largely ceased to be a priority for artists, and the recovery of the realist tradition is a constant strand in the history of Western medieval art.
For example, the proto-Renaissance painter Giotto di Bondone brought a new realism to the art of painting by rendering physical space and volume far more convincingly than his Gothic predecessors. His paintings, like theirs, represented biblical scenes and the lives of the saints. In the Early Renaissance, the development of a system of linear perspective in Italy, and the inclusion of naturalistic detail in Early Netherlandish painting both contributed to the advance of realism in Western painting in different ways.
In the late 16th century, the prevailing mode in European art was Mannerism, an artificial art of elongated figures in graceful but unlikely poses. Caravaggio emerged to change the direction of art by depicting religious figures as the Italian poor in their natural surroundings, though composed with Baroque energy.
A fondness for humble subjects and homely details characterizes much of Dutch art, and Rembrandt is an outstanding realist in the naturalist sense with his renunciation of the ideal and his embrace of the life around him. In the 19th century a group of French landscape artists known as the Barbizon School emphasized close observation of nature, paving the way for the Impressionists.
In England the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood rejected what they saw as the formulaic idealism of the followers of Raphael, which led some of them to an art of intense illusionistic, and sometimes naturalistic, realism. The final years and aftermath of the First World War saw a return of realism and of styles dating back to before Post-Impressionism, in the so-called ”Return to Order” – this became known as ”Neo-Realism” or ”Modern Realism” in England (led by Meredith Frampton, Charles Ginner, Harold Gilman and the Euston Road School), traditionisme in France (led by Andre Derain) and ”Neue Sachlichkeit” (led by Otto Dix and Christian Schad) and ”Magic Realism” in Germany.
Trompe l’oeil (literally, ”fool the eye”), a technique which creates the illusion that the objects depicted actually exist, is an extreme example of artistic realism. Examples of this tendency can be found in art from antiquity to the present day
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Café Singer 1879
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.719.00Heather-covered hills by the lakes near Silkeborgh 1907
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr3.099.00The Cliff of Etretat after the Storm 1870
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.889.00The Goose Girl
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.779.00Workmen with Picks
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.319.00Young Mother Gazing at Her Child 1871
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.169.00A Basket of Clams 1873
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.709.00At the Café-Concert- the Dog’s Song
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.659.00Deer in the Forest 1868
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.649.00La leçon de flûte, 1868
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.099.00Lugano søen (Lago di Lugano), 1910
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr3.179.00Milk Maid and Cow
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.649.00Washerwoman
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.699.00Admiration Maternelle – Le Bain
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.099.00Harlequin and Lady in Evening Dress 1900
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.669.00Lunch break in the forest. A wanderer is enjoying his meal 1886
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.749.00Perils of the Sea 1881
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.039.00Priory at Vauville, Normandy
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.619.00Rocky Landscape with Deer
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.509.00The Singer with the Glove, 1878
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.719.00A Fresh Breeze, 1881
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.039.00Jura Landscape
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.539.00La Grande Soeu
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.549.00Satan in Red 1900
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.649.00Summer Day at Obersee Bei Konigsee 1914
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.929.00The Singer in Green 1884
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.719.00Waiting
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr3.039.00Coast Scene, with Boats on the Beach, 1881
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.089.00Cobb’s Barns and Distant Houses
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.779.00La Fin De La Journée; Effect Du Soir
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.779.00Mademoiselle Bécat at the Café Des Ambassadeurs 1885
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.679.00Summer day in Fløng, Denmark, 1923
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.939.00The Elder Sister, reduction 1864
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.019.00View in the Forest of Fontainebleau
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.599.00Cobb’s Barns, South Truro
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.779.00Danger
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.009.00Farmer Inserting a Graft on a Tree 1855
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.809.00Landscape with Stag 1873
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.559.00Mlle Bécat Aux Ambassadeurs (Café-Concert)
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.939.00Summer day in Frederiksberg Gardens 1928
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.869.00The Joys of Motherhood 1878
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.249.00A Brook in the Forest
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.539.00Fisher Girls on the Beach, Cullercoats, 1881
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.929.00In the Auvergne
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.629.00Route 6, Eastham
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.699.00Summer Day with Children Playing behind a Thatched Farm 1924
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.939.00The Chorus 1876
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.749.00Two Sisters 1877
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.659.00Fisherfolk on the Beach at Cullercoats 1881
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.869.00Haystacks- Autumn
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.759.00Queensborough Bridge 1913
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.779.00Roe Deer at a Stream 1868
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.709.00Summer landscape with river floodplain 1911
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.999.00Temptation (1880)
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.099.00Two Women
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr3.139.00Autumn Landscape with a Flock of Turkeys
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.699.00Café-Concert
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr3.559.00Fishergirls coiling tackle 1881
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.009.00Jeune Mère Contemplant Son Enfant 1871
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.109.00La Clairière
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.879.00Summer Reflections on a Lake, Silkeborg
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.999.00Valley of the Seine 1909
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.779.00A Brook in a Clearing 1862
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.539.00Cape Ann Granite
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.699.00Fisherman’s Family (The Lookout), 1881
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.909.00Les Agneaux
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.999.00Man Turning Over the Soil
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.789.00Summer scene in Brondbyoster 1928
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.839.00The Spectators
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr3.819.00Admiration Maternelle
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.099.00Cape Cod Afternoon 1936
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.779.00Daughter of the Coast Guard 1881
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.399.00Harlequin 1885
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.649.00Le Parc De Rochemont
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.649.00Sunny day at Svejbæk 1912
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr3.339.00Two Men Turning Over the Soil
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr3.169.00Captain Upton’s House
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.589.00Fraternal Love (1851)
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.209.00Hark! The Lark 1882
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.049.00Harlequin Dance 1890
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.779.00Paysage avec Massiv Fleuri
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.559.00Peasants Bringing Home a Calf Born In the Fields
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.809.00The beeches are reflected in a stream in the forest 1896
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr3.069.00A Mill in a Rocky Landscape
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.629.00Convoitise
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.359.00Fishwives, 1883
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.289.00Light at Two Lights 1927
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.789.00Russian Dancers 1899
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.619.00The rocky coast of Helligdomsklipperne, Bornholm Island 1882
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr3.089.00Winter Evening
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.779.00Buckwheat Harvest, Summer
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.879.00Charity 1859
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.249.00Four Fishwives on the Beach, 1881
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.469.00Grands Chênes, Bords De L’eau, Port-Berteau
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.739.00Lighthouse Hill 1927
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.789.00Russian Dancers 1899
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.749.00View from Tulstrup at lake Knudsø. The crops are brought in from the fields on a sunny day 1932
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.909.00Buckwheat Harvest
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.919.00Farmers harvesting at Blåbæk near Køge 1918
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.989.00Girl Carrying a Basket, 1882
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.969.00