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Realism
Realism in the visual arts is a style that depicts the actuality of what the eyes can see. The term is used in different senses in art history, it may mean the same as illusionism, the representation of subjects with visual mimesis or verisimilitude, or may mean an emphasis on the actuality of subjects, depicting them without idealization, and not omitting their sordid aspects. Works may be realist in either of these senses, or both. Use of the two senses can be confusing, but depending on context the second sense is perhaps more common.
Realism as a tendency in 19th century art was related to similar movements in the theatre, literature and opera. All emphasized the depiction of everyday subjects, but by no means always discarding classical, Romantic or sentimental approaches to their treatment. The movement began in the 1850s in France. One of Gustave Courbet’s most important works is A Burial at Ornans, 1849-1850, a canvas recording an event which he witnessed in September 1848. Courbet’s painting of the funeral of his grand uncle became the first grand statement of the Realist style.
Realism in the illusionistic sense appears in art as early as 2400 BC in the city of Lothal in what is now India, and examples can be found throughout the history of art – Ancient Egyptian art had rigid and artificial conventions for the depiction of the human figure, but minor figures and animals are often very well-observed, and lifelike. In the broadest sense, realism in a work of art exists wherever something has been well observed and accurately depicted, even if the work as a whole does not strictly conform to the conditions of realism.
The art of ancient Greece made particular progress in developing realistic depictions of both the human figure and its surroundings, in sculpture and painting. In the Late Antique period realism largely ceased to be a priority for artists, and the recovery of the realist tradition is a constant strand in the history of Western medieval art.
For example, the proto-Renaissance painter Giotto di Bondone brought a new realism to the art of painting by rendering physical space and volume far more convincingly than his Gothic predecessors. His paintings, like theirs, represented biblical scenes and the lives of the saints. In the Early Renaissance, the development of a system of linear perspective in Italy, and the inclusion of naturalistic detail in Early Netherlandish painting both contributed to the advance of realism in Western painting in different ways.
In the late 16th century, the prevailing mode in European art was Mannerism, an artificial art of elongated figures in graceful but unlikely poses. Caravaggio emerged to change the direction of art by depicting religious figures as the Italian poor in their natural surroundings, though composed with Baroque energy.
A fondness for humble subjects and homely details characterizes much of Dutch art, and Rembrandt is an outstanding realist in the naturalist sense with his renunciation of the ideal and his embrace of the life around him. In the 19th century a group of French landscape artists known as the Barbizon School emphasized close observation of nature, paving the way for the Impressionists.
In England the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood rejected what they saw as the formulaic idealism of the followers of Raphael, which led some of them to an art of intense illusionistic, and sometimes naturalistic, realism. The final years and aftermath of the First World War saw a return of realism and of styles dating back to before Post-Impressionism, in the so-called ”Return to Order” – this became known as ”Neo-Realism” or ”Modern Realism” in England (led by Meredith Frampton, Charles Ginner, Harold Gilman and the Euston Road School), traditionisme in France (led by Andre Derain) and ”Neue Sachlichkeit” (led by Otto Dix and Christian Schad) and ”Magic Realism” in Germany.
Trompe l’oeil (literally, ”fool the eye”), a technique which creates the illusion that the objects depicted actually exist, is an extreme example of artistic realism. Examples of this tendency can be found in art from antiquity to the present day
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Haskell’s House 1924
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.749.00Italian Peasant Kneeling with Child
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.249.00La Bretonnerie in the Department of indre 1856
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.539.00Russian Dancers 1899
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.549.00Girls on a Cliff, 1881
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.999.00Path Through the Forest 1860
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.709.00Portrait of Eva and Frances Johnston 1869
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.019.00Russian Dancers
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.519.00The Mansard Roof
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.749.00The Potato Gatherers 1853
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr3.259.00View from Koldhøj Mill, 1933
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.899.00Church in Eastham
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.629.00Danseuse Sur Une Pointe 1877
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.809.00Harvest workers on a road 1928
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.699.00Inside the Bar 1883
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.249.00Paysage au Ruisseau Et au Rocher
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.509.00Printemps 1904
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.739.00The Hay Trussers
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.779.00Dancers Practicing in the Foyer
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.809.00Harvest work 1925
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.989.00La Première Discorde (Cain And Abel) 1861
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.209.00Looking out to Sea, Cullercoats, 1882
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.869.00Paysage Près D’ornans 1862
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.939.00Railroad Embankment 1932
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.749.00The Bather
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.919.00Daughter of Fisherman 1872
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr2.879.00Garden Scene
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.909.00Gloucester Harbor 1912
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.819.00In the stable a girl is milking and a young man is watching 1877
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.689.00On the Beach, Tynemouth 1881
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.069.00The Curtain 1880
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.649.00The Gust of Wind 1865
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.889.00Château D’ornans 1855
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.729.00Coming Storm
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.589.00Dancer Onstage 1877
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.809.00Little Esmeralda 1874
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.299.00On the Beach, Tynemouth 1881
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.909.00Railroad Crossing
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.669.00The cow is milked in the warm summer weather, 1923
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.989.00A cactus growing on the old rooftops in Italy 1906
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr3.099.00American Village 1912
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.779.00Girl With a Pomegranate
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr2.879.00Landscape in the Jura
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.589.00On the Cliff 1881
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.969.00Rabbit Warren, Dawn
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.569.00The Loge 1883
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr3.459.00A conversation at a farmhouse with a garden in bloom 1924
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.899.00Bell Tower
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.729.00Danseuse Rajustant Sa Sandale 1896
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr3.069.00Jeune Fille Aux Raisins
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.139.00Little Goose Girl
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.559.00On The Cliff, Cullercoats
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.839.00River and Rocks
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.599.00A Cottage Garden with Chickens 1919
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.879.00Blynman Bridge
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.729.00By the Sea 1903
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.169.00Farmyard By Moonlight
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.599.00Le Ballet 1885
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.709.00On the Sands, 1881
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.839.00The Stream of the Black Well
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.569.00A girl in a pink dress on the step of a farmhouse 1930
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.899.00Box Factory, Gloucester 1928
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.749.00On the Stage
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr3.009.00Pasture Near Cherbourg (Normandy)
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.629.00Startled 1878
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.039.00The Storm 1874
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.769.00Vallée De La Laloue Près Mouthiers-Haute-Pierre
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.569.00A man reading a newspaper sitting on a step in a flowery courtyard 1931
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.939.00Burly Cobb’s House, South Truro
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.749.00L’orage
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.769.00Landscape From La Source Bleue 1872
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.559.00Path Through the Wheat
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.629.00The Breakwater, Cullercoats, 1882
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.969.00Two Dancers, Half-Length
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.779.00A spring morning in the village, overlooking Roskilde Fjord 1921
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.869.00Canal Lock at Charenton 1907
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.539.00L’horizon (La Plaine)
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.599.00Rehearsal Before the Ballet
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.779.00The Battle of the Centaurs and Lapithae 1853
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.539.00The Glen at Ornans 1866
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.539.00The Lookout, 1882
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.929.00A summer day at the farm – Lundby, 1934
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.929.00Cottages at North Truro
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.729.00Landscape Near Ornans
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.649.00Napoleon III Visiting Flood Victims of Tarascon in June 1856
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.579.00Three Fisher Girls, Tynemouth, 1881
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.269.00Trois Danseuses En Rose 1886
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr3.559.00Two Peasant Women
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.539.00A woman among her hens and geese in a sunlit farmyard 1936
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.909.00Autumn
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.559.00Dead Tree and Side of Lombard House 1931
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.699.00Entrance to the Forest at Barbizon In Winter
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.559.00Homer and His Guide 1864
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.459.00Two Dancers 1905
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.679.00Where are the Boats 1883
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.399.00Aftensol i gammel, faldefærdig Hønsegaard – Høsterkøb 1939
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.839.00Art and Literature 1867
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.889.00Deux Chevreuils Dans La Forêt
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.539.00Farmyard In Winter
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.649.00High Road 1931
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.769.00