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Realism
Realism in the visual arts is a style that depicts the actuality of what the eyes can see. The term is used in different senses in art history, it may mean the same as illusionism, the representation of subjects with visual mimesis or verisimilitude, or may mean an emphasis on the actuality of subjects, depicting them without idealization, and not omitting their sordid aspects. Works may be realist in either of these senses, or both. Use of the two senses can be confusing, but depending on context the second sense is perhaps more common.
Realism as a tendency in 19th century art was related to similar movements in the theatre, literature and opera. All emphasized the depiction of everyday subjects, but by no means always discarding classical, Romantic or sentimental approaches to their treatment. The movement began in the 1850s in France. One of Gustave Courbet’s most important works is A Burial at Ornans, 1849-1850, a canvas recording an event which he witnessed in September 1848. Courbet’s painting of the funeral of his grand uncle became the first grand statement of the Realist style.
Realism in the illusionistic sense appears in art as early as 2400 BC in the city of Lothal in what is now India, and examples can be found throughout the history of art – Ancient Egyptian art had rigid and artificial conventions for the depiction of the human figure, but minor figures and animals are often very well-observed, and lifelike. In the broadest sense, realism in a work of art exists wherever something has been well observed and accurately depicted, even if the work as a whole does not strictly conform to the conditions of realism.
The art of ancient Greece made particular progress in developing realistic depictions of both the human figure and its surroundings, in sculpture and painting. In the Late Antique period realism largely ceased to be a priority for artists, and the recovery of the realist tradition is a constant strand in the history of Western medieval art.
For example, the proto-Renaissance painter Giotto di Bondone brought a new realism to the art of painting by rendering physical space and volume far more convincingly than his Gothic predecessors. His paintings, like theirs, represented biblical scenes and the lives of the saints. In the Early Renaissance, the development of a system of linear perspective in Italy, and the inclusion of naturalistic detail in Early Netherlandish painting both contributed to the advance of realism in Western painting in different ways.
In the late 16th century, the prevailing mode in European art was Mannerism, an artificial art of elongated figures in graceful but unlikely poses. Caravaggio emerged to change the direction of art by depicting religious figures as the Italian poor in their natural surroundings, though composed with Baroque energy.
A fondness for humble subjects and homely details characterizes much of Dutch art, and Rembrandt is an outstanding realist in the naturalist sense with his renunciation of the ideal and his embrace of the life around him. In the 19th century a group of French landscape artists known as the Barbizon School emphasized close observation of nature, paving the way for the Impressionists.
In England the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood rejected what they saw as the formulaic idealism of the followers of Raphael, which led some of them to an art of intense illusionistic, and sometimes naturalistic, realism. The final years and aftermath of the First World War saw a return of realism and of styles dating back to before Post-Impressionism, in the so-called ”Return to Order” – this became known as ”Neo-Realism” or ”Modern Realism” in England (led by Meredith Frampton, Charles Ginner, Harold Gilman and the Euston Road School), traditionisme in France (led by Andre Derain) and ”Neue Sachlichkeit” (led by Otto Dix and Christian Schad) and ”Magic Realism” in Germany.
Trompe l’oeil (literally, ”fool the eye”), a technique which creates the illusion that the objects depicted actually exist, is an extreme example of artistic realism. Examples of this tendency can be found in art from antiquity to the present day
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Sun in an Empty Room
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.739.00The Ford 1895
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.919.00The return of the Gleaner 1867
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.719.00Côte Normande Près De Trouville, Voiliers Vu De La Grève
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.749.00Deux Danseuses Jaunes Et Roses 1898
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.519.00Railroad Sunset 1929
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.939.00Reflections of spring 1908
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.869.00Shepherdess Leaning On her Staff
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.909.00The Little Beggar
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.239.00Woman Sewing 1876
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.659.00Marine, Les Équilleurs
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.729.00Rings forming in the stream Sæby Å on a summer day 1915
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.989.00Shakespeare at Dusk
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.849.00Shepherdess Sitting at the Edge of the Forest
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.879.00The Ballet 1880
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr3.099.00The Little Shepherdess 1889
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.369.00The Studio 1867
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.749.00Beach scene 1869
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.629.00River Landscape, Summer, 1905
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr3.069.00Soleil Couchant, Marine
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.729.00Statue at Park Entrance
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.569.00The Proposal 1872
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.289.00The Return of the Fields
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.989.00Two Dancers Entering the Stage
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.679.00Blowing the Horn at Seaside, 1870
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.839.00Charity (1878)
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.589.00Going to Work
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.779.00La Manche, Environs D’étretat
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.669.00Springday in the forest near a stream with beeches and anemones in bloom 1899
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr3.099.00The Barber Shop
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.649.00Waiting 1882
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.839.00A Study of a Dancer 1880
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr3.139.00Gypsy Girl with a Basque Drum (1867)
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.199.00Mending the Nets, 1882
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.969.00New York Pavements
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.479.00Seaside Landscape
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.929.00Springtime along the stream, The swallows are catching insects 1901
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.869.00The Sleeping Seamstress
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.779.00Ballerine
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.619.00Deux Bateaux Sur La Plage
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.709.00Spring (Daphnis and Chloë) 1865
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr3.399.00Spring Breeze (1895)
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.099.00Summer 1874
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.369.00Sunlight on Brownstones
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.509.00Sunset over a Danish Fiord 1901
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr3.249.00Autumn 1877
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.019.00Ballet Dancer in the Wings
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.809.00Boats On a Beach, Etretat
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.729.00Evening view of a stream with two anglers 1897
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr3.129.00Pandore
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.009.00Retreat From the Storm
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.749.00Seven A.M.
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.709.00Ballet Dancers 1877
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.649.00Girl and Laurel, 1879
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.899.00L’Amour Vainqueur
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.989.00Reflection 1898
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.269.00Sunday
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.519.00Sunset over a forest lake 1895
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr3.159.00The Beach at Trouville 1865
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.709.00After the Bath (1875)
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.689.00Dancer in her Dressing Room
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr4.089.00La Becquée
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.779.00Seascape, the Poplar
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.599.00Sunset at a lake 1900
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr3.019.00Woman and Elephant, 1877
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.719.00Yonkers 1916
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.509.00Dancer Adjusting her Epaulettes
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.659.00Evening landscape by Betresine with people in an oasis, In the background pyramids 1897
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.959.00Italian Quarter, Gloucester 1912
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.539.00The Bather 1879
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.169.00The Fisher Girl 1894
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.399.00The Mediterranean 1857
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.749.00Woman and Child In a Landscape
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.989.00Bather (1870)
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.729.00Dancer in Green 1878
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr3.099.00Mother and Two Infants
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.879.00Paysage De Mer 1870
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.779.00Summer Interior 1909
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.509.00The Dinner Horn 1873
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.639.00The sun sets behind the trees, summer 1897
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.899.00August in the City
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.649.00Children Under a Palm Tree 1885
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.249.00Dancers at the Barre 1900
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.879.00Le Chat or the Cat At the Window
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.629.00The Bathers 1884
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.469.00The Wave 1869
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.939.00Water Lilies on a pond 1920
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr3.099.00Artists Sketching in the White Mountains, 1868
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.179.00Cliffs On the Sea Coast- Small Beach, Sunrise 1865
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.969.00Dancers in Yellow Skirts (Two Dancers in Yellow) 1896
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr3.039.00La Perle 1894
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.499.00Seated Nude
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.779.00Self-Portrait
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.659.00Sun-drenched brook landscape after a rain
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr3.239.00Bather 1864
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.269.00Camp Fire 1880
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.089.00Ceres (Or the Summer)
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr3.729.00Dawn in Pennsylvania
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr3.129.00Orchestra Musicians
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr3.249.00The Fishing Boat 1865
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.559.00