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Realism
Realism in the visual arts is a style that depicts the actuality of what the eyes can see. The term is used in different senses in art history, it may mean the same as illusionism, the representation of subjects with visual mimesis or verisimilitude, or may mean an emphasis on the actuality of subjects, depicting them without idealization, and not omitting their sordid aspects. Works may be realist in either of these senses, or both. Use of the two senses can be confusing, but depending on context the second sense is perhaps more common.
Realism as a tendency in 19th century art was related to similar movements in the theatre, literature and opera. All emphasized the depiction of everyday subjects, but by no means always discarding classical, Romantic or sentimental approaches to their treatment. The movement began in the 1850s in France. One of Gustave Courbet’s most important works is A Burial at Ornans, 1849-1850, a canvas recording an event which he witnessed in September 1848. Courbet’s painting of the funeral of his grand uncle became the first grand statement of the Realist style.
Realism in the illusionistic sense appears in art as early as 2400 BC in the city of Lothal in what is now India, and examples can be found throughout the history of art – Ancient Egyptian art had rigid and artificial conventions for the depiction of the human figure, but minor figures and animals are often very well-observed, and lifelike. In the broadest sense, realism in a work of art exists wherever something has been well observed and accurately depicted, even if the work as a whole does not strictly conform to the conditions of realism.
The art of ancient Greece made particular progress in developing realistic depictions of both the human figure and its surroundings, in sculpture and painting. In the Late Antique period realism largely ceased to be a priority for artists, and the recovery of the realist tradition is a constant strand in the history of Western medieval art.
For example, the proto-Renaissance painter Giotto di Bondone brought a new realism to the art of painting by rendering physical space and volume far more convincingly than his Gothic predecessors. His paintings, like theirs, represented biblical scenes and the lives of the saints. In the Early Renaissance, the development of a system of linear perspective in Italy, and the inclusion of naturalistic detail in Early Netherlandish painting both contributed to the advance of realism in Western painting in different ways.
In the late 16th century, the prevailing mode in European art was Mannerism, an artificial art of elongated figures in graceful but unlikely poses. Caravaggio emerged to change the direction of art by depicting religious figures as the Italian poor in their natural surroundings, though composed with Baroque energy.
A fondness for humble subjects and homely details characterizes much of Dutch art, and Rembrandt is an outstanding realist in the naturalist sense with his renunciation of the ideal and his embrace of the life around him. In the 19th century a group of French landscape artists known as the Barbizon School emphasized close observation of nature, paving the way for the Impressionists.
In England the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood rejected what they saw as the formulaic idealism of the followers of Raphael, which led some of them to an art of intense illusionistic, and sometimes naturalistic, realism. The final years and aftermath of the First World War saw a return of realism and of styles dating back to before Post-Impressionism, in the so-called ”Return to Order” – this became known as ”Neo-Realism” or ”Modern Realism” in England (led by Meredith Frampton, Charles Ginner, Harold Gilman and the Euston Road School), traditionisme in France (led by Andre Derain) and ”Neue Sachlichkeit” (led by Otto Dix and Christian Schad) and ”Magic Realism” in Germany.
Trompe l’oeil (literally, ”fool the eye”), a technique which creates the illusion that the objects depicted actually exist, is an extreme example of artistic realism. Examples of this tendency can be found in art from antiquity to the present day
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Marine
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.539.00Petite Bergère
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.429.00Sunlight and Shadow
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.869.00Sunlight reflected in the creek, Sæby Å 1922
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.779.00The Keeper of the Herd
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.689.00A tranquil river
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.909.00Eagle Head, Manchester, Massachusetts (High Tide) 1870
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.319.00Entre la richesse et l’amour 1869
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.129.00Sailing 1911
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.569.00Shepherd Tending his Flock
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.699.00The Dance Lesson 1879
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr4.019.00The Seaside at Palavas 1854
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.539.00Autumn Day in the Forest, Red Deer by a Lake, 1918
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.899.00Breton Brother and Sister 1871
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.289.00Sea Watchers
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.679.00Shepherdess and Flock at Sunset
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.669.00The Ballet Rehearsal 1891
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr4.019.00The Lookout – ”All’s Well” 1896
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.719.00The Sea 1865
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.539.00A Priestess of Bacchus
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.529.00Autumnal wooded river landscape with deer, 1918
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr3.309.00Dancers in the Foyer 1889
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr3.949.00Light at Two Lights
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.749.00Shepherdess Returning with her Flock
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.629.00Taking Sunflower to Teacher 1875
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.689.00The Wave 1869
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.589.00A View of Hornbæk 1916
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr3.219.00Four Lane Road
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.809.00Frieze of Dancers 1890
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr4.669.00Mar Borrascoso 1850
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.589.00Shepherdess Knitting, Outside the Village of Barbizon
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.809.00The Busy Bee, 1875
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.489.00The Secret 1876
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.289.00A view of Borresö towards Karoline Amalies Høj, Denmark 1912
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr3.099.00An Open Window 1872
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.659.00Girlie Show
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.509.00Shepherdess Seated In the Shade
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.709.00The Shepherdess 1895
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.139.00The Wave
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.619.00Trois Danseuses
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.989.00A trail in Virklund, Denmark 1923
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.989.00Reverie, 1872
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.989.00Rooms For Tourists
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.699.00Shepherdess Seated On a Rock
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.839.00The Spinner 1873
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.459.00Waves 1870
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.589.00Yellow Dancers
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.809.00A Summer’s Day 1924
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.999.00At the Window 1872
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.899.00Autumn Sea 1867
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.669.00Dancers 1896
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.909.00Summertime
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.699.00The Knitting Shepherdess
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.879.00The Young Shepherdess
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.859.00City Sunlight
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.729.00Dancers 1897
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.839.00Fishing For Frogs 1882
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.059.00The Little Shepherdess
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.839.00The Nurse 1867
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.189.00The Wave 1869
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.739.00Wooded River Landscape 1913
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.999.00A view from Hans Christian Andersen’s bank, Himmelbjergit 1927
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.999.00Conference at Night
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.619.00Dancers 1899
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.579.00Frère Et Soeur
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.949.00Marine 1869
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.749.00The Red School House 1873
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.839.00The Sheepshearers
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr3.019.00Cap Martin, France 1907
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.839.00Dancers at the Old Opera House 1877
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.839.00Excursion Into Philosophy
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.649.00Shearing Sheep
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr3.329.00The Shepherdess 1881
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.169.00The Wave 1871
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.849.00Waverly Oaks 1864
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.809.00A Woodland Path 1898
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.929.00Danseuse Au Tambourin 1897
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.659.00Glaneuse
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr3.299.00New York Office
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.769.00Peasant Girl Returning from the Well 1860
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr3.039.00The Butterfly Girl 1878
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.019.00Waves 1869
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr3.299.00Bridle Path
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.779.00Dancer Tying up her Slipper 1887
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.949.00Going to Market, 1911
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr2.929.00In the Vineyard
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.839.00Les Bords De La Mer À Palavas 1854
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.559.00Pifferaro
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr2.779.00Song of the Lark 1876
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.019.00Bords De La Mer, Palavas
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.709.00Danseuses Au Foyer 1901
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr2.839.00Grenaa – 1941
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr3.099.00Portrait d’un jeune Romain
By William-Adolphe BouguereauSizes starting at kr2.749.00Rooms by the Sea
By Edward HopperSizes starting at kr2.699.00The Reaper 1878
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.839.00The Woodchopper
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr2.809.00Beach in Normandy
By Gustave CourbetSizes starting at kr2.729.00Deux Danseuses 1891
By Edgar DegasSizes starting at kr3.069.00Picnic on a spring day 1916
By Peder Mørk MønstedSizes starting at kr3.019.00Shepherdess and Her Flock At Nightfall
By Francois MilletSizes starting at kr3.009.00