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Realism
Realism in the visual arts is a style that depicts the actuality of what the eyes can see. The term is used in different senses in art history, it may mean the same as illusionism, the representation of subjects with visual mimesis or verisimilitude, or may mean an emphasis on the actuality of subjects, depicting them without idealization, and not omitting their sordid aspects. Works may be realist in either of these senses, or both. Use of the two senses can be confusing, but depending on context the second sense is perhaps more common.
Realism as a tendency in 19th century art was related to similar movements in the theatre, literature and opera. All emphasized the depiction of everyday subjects, but by no means always discarding classical, Romantic or sentimental approaches to their treatment. The movement began in the 1850s in France. One of Gustave Courbet’s most important works is A Burial at Ornans, 1849-1850, a canvas recording an event which he witnessed in September 1848. Courbet’s painting of the funeral of his grand uncle became the first grand statement of the Realist style.
Realism in the illusionistic sense appears in art as early as 2400 BC in the city of Lothal in what is now India, and examples can be found throughout the history of art – Ancient Egyptian art had rigid and artificial conventions for the depiction of the human figure, but minor figures and animals are often very well-observed, and lifelike. In the broadest sense, realism in a work of art exists wherever something has been well observed and accurately depicted, even if the work as a whole does not strictly conform to the conditions of realism.
The art of ancient Greece made particular progress in developing realistic depictions of both the human figure and its surroundings, in sculpture and painting. In the Late Antique period realism largely ceased to be a priority for artists, and the recovery of the realist tradition is a constant strand in the history of Western medieval art.
For example, the proto-Renaissance painter Giotto di Bondone brought a new realism to the art of painting by rendering physical space and volume far more convincingly than his Gothic predecessors. His paintings, like theirs, represented biblical scenes and the lives of the saints. In the Early Renaissance, the development of a system of linear perspective in Italy, and the inclusion of naturalistic detail in Early Netherlandish painting both contributed to the advance of realism in Western painting in different ways.
In the late 16th century, the prevailing mode in European art was Mannerism, an artificial art of elongated figures in graceful but unlikely poses. Caravaggio emerged to change the direction of art by depicting religious figures as the Italian poor in their natural surroundings, though composed with Baroque energy.
A fondness for humble subjects and homely details characterizes much of Dutch art, and Rembrandt is an outstanding realist in the naturalist sense with his renunciation of the ideal and his embrace of the life around him. In the 19th century a group of French landscape artists known as the Barbizon School emphasized close observation of nature, paving the way for the Impressionists.
In England the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood rejected what they saw as the formulaic idealism of the followers of Raphael, which led some of them to an art of intense illusionistic, and sometimes naturalistic, realism. The final years and aftermath of the First World War saw a return of realism and of styles dating back to before Post-Impressionism, in the so-called ”Return to Order” – this became known as ”Neo-Realism” or ”Modern Realism” in England (led by Meredith Frampton, Charles Ginner, Harold Gilman and the Euston Road School), traditionisme in France (led by Andre Derain) and ”Neue Sachlichkeit” (led by Otto Dix and Christian Schad) and ”Magic Realism” in Germany.
Trompe l’oeil (literally, ”fool the eye”), a technique which creates the illusion that the objects depicted actually exist, is an extreme example of artistic realism. Examples of this tendency can be found in art from antiquity to the present day
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Near Andersonville, 1866
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.689.00The Red Feather, 1864
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.749.00Lemon 1876
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.899.00School Time 1874
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.999.00Country School 1873
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.959.00Haymakers 1867
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.689.00Man with a Scythe 1867
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.719.00Girl Reading Under an Oak Tree, 1879
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.899.00Girl Shelling Peas 1873
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.879.00In Charge of Baby 1873
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.019.00Girl with a Four-Leaf Clover 1875
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.029.00Shepherdess Resting, 1878
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.869.00Scene At Houghton Farm 1878
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.959.00Sunday Morning in Virginia 1877
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.789.00Sketch of a Cottage Yard, 1876
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.959.00Uncle Ned at home 1875
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.019.00Man with Plow Horse 1879
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.019.00The Plowman, 1878
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.069.00Farmyard Scene
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.929.00Farmyard with Ducks and Chickens
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.839.00Wild Geese in Flight 1897
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.929.00Warm Afternoon, 1878
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.669.00On the Hill, 1878
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.689.00Girls in a Landscape 1873
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.779.00Harvest Scene, 1873
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.999.00The Dinner Horn, 1870
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.019.00Blossom Time in Virginia
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.869.00Boy and Fallen Tree, 1879
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.779.00Boy and Girl on a Hillside 1878
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.689.00The new novel 1877
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.599.00The Shepherdess, 1880
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.249.00Cow in Pasture, 1878
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.159.00Milking Time 1875
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.269.00Shepherdess of Houghton Farm 1878
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.159.00The Young Shepherdess, 1878
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.099.00The Watermelon Boys, 1876
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.019.00Pond and Willows, Houghton Farm, 1878
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.669.00Two Girls Looking at a Book, 1877
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.069.00Two Girls with Sunbonnets In a Field, 1878
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.839.00Evening, 1870
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.809.00Shepherdess Tending Sheep 1878
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.069.00Shepherdesses Resting 1879
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.649.00The Green Hill 1878
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.509.00Young Man Reading, 1873
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.519.00Garrison House, York, Maine, 1875
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.789.00West Wind 1891
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.779.00The Noon Recess 1873
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.909.00Milking 1875
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.779.00Weaning the Calf, 1875
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.889.00Boys on a Hillside, 1879
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.669.00Boy and Girl In a Field with Sheep, 1878
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.819.00Waiting for a Bite 1874
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.049.00Shepherd Girl Resting, 1878
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.969.00View of Santiago de Cuba, 1885
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.129.00Santiago de Cuba, street scene 1885
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.789.00Street Scene, Santiago de Cuba 1885
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.819.00Santiago de Cuba – Street Scene 1885
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.729.00Searchlight on Harbor Entrance, Santiago de Cuba 1901
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.969.00Governor’s Wife, Santiago de Cuba 1885
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.939.00Customs house, Santiago de Cuba, 1885
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.589.00Albert Post, 1864
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.779.00Home, Sweet Home, 1863
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.879.00Playing Old Soldier, 1863
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.139.00The Brierwood Pipe 1864
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.679.00Skirmish in the Wilderness, 1864
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.339.00Sounding Reveille, 1871
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.419.00In Front of Yorktown
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.359.00Officers at Camp Benton, Maryland 1881
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.199.00Pitching Quoits, 1865
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr4.039.00Army Boots 1865
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.839.00Defiance- Inviting a Shot Before Petersburg, 1864
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.929.00Skating in Central Park, New York 1861
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.699.00Union Pond, Williamsburgh, LI 1862
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.699.00The Cock Fight 1885
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.129.00The Houses of Parliament 1881
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.859.00Skating 1865
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.209.00Man with a Knapsack
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.809.00Old woman gathering faggots, 1865
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.619.00The School Mistress 1870
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.599.00Charles Prentice Howland, 1878
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.989.00Portrait of Pauline 1867
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.899.00A littoral tile 1878
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.459.00Backgammon, 1877
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.879.00The Fountains at Night, World’s Columbian Exposition. 1893
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.909.00White Mare 1868
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.939.00Croquet Match
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.509.00Croquet Player, 1865
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.969.00Mountain Wagon 1869
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.739.00The Bright Side 1866
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.649.00The Brush Harrow 1865
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr2.889.00The Country Store 1872
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.169.00Women Working in a Field 1867
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr3.159.00The Gleaners, 1867
By Winslow HomerSizes starting at kr4.519.00